1908

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Year 1908 (MCMVIII) was a leap year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a leap year starting on Tuesday of the 13-day-slower Julian calendar).

Contents:
Events of 1908 -  Jan. . Feb. . March . April -  May . June . July  .  Aug. -  Sept. . Oct. . Nov. .  Dec. -  Undated . Ongoing . Births Deaths Nobel Prizes See also -  Notes -  External links

[edit] Events of 1908

[edit] January

• January 1
  • British Harry Bensley leaves for his would-be trip around the world pushing a pram and wearing an iron mask, beginning from Trafalgar Square.
  • A ball signifying New Year's Day drops in New York City's Times Square for the first time.
• January 11 – Grand Canyon National Monument is designated (becomes a National Park in February 1919).
• January 12 – A long-distance radio message is sent from the Eiffel Tower for the first time.
• January 13 – A fire at the Rhoads Opera House in Boyertown, Pennsylvania, kills 170 people. The tragedy is a catalyst for stricter fire safety laws nationwide.
• January 15 – The Alpha Kappa Alpha Sorority (the first Greek-letter organization by and for black college women) is established.
• January 21 – New York City passes the Sullivan Ordinance, making it illegal for women to smoke in public, only for it to be vetoed by the mayor.
• January 24 – Robert Baden-Powell begins the Boy Scout movement.

[edit] February

• February 1 – King Carlos I of Portugal and Infante Luis Filipe are shot dead in Lisbon.
• February 3 – Greek multisport club Panathinaikos is founded.
• February 11 – Australia regains The Ashes with a 308 run cricket victory over England.
• February 12
  • The first around-the-world car race, the 1908 New York to Paris Race, begins.
  • De Meester's Dutch government leaves office.
• February 18 – Japanese immigration to the U.S.A. is forbidden.
• February 25 – The Bible Institute of Los Angeles (now Biola University) is founded.

[edit] March

• March 4 – The Collinwood School Fire, near Cleveland, Ohio, kills 174 people.
• March 7 – The University of British Columbia is established by the British Columbia University Act.
• March 9 – The Internazionale Football Club is founded in Milan, Italy.
• March 21 – Frenchman Henri Farman pilots the first passenger flight.
• March 25 – The Clube Atlético Mineiro is founded in Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
• March 27 – The first overseas Scout Troop is formed in Gibraltar.

[edit] April

• April 8 – Harvard University votes to establish the Harvard Business School.
• April 19 – The Garfield Park Conservatory in Chicago, designed by Jens Jensen, opens to the public for the first time.
• April 20 – Sunshine train disaster: Two trains collide in Melbourne,Australia, killing 44 people and injuring more than 400 (over 100 seriously).^[1]
• April 21 – Frederick Cook claims to have reached the North Pole on this date.
• April 24 – The seventh deadliest tornado in U.S. history strikes the towns of Amite, Louisiana, Pine, Louisiana and Purvis, Mississippi, killing 143 people and injuring 770.
• April 27 – The opening ceremony of the London Olympics is held.

[edit] May

• May 10 – Mother's Day is observed for the first time, at Andrew's Methodist Church in Grafton, West Virginia.
• May 24 – Empire Day is accepted as the traditional formation date of the 1st Arundel (Earl of Arundel's) own Scout Group, although Scouting was probably active in Arundel prior to this date.
• May 26 – At Masjid-al-Salaman in southwest Persia, the first major commercial oil discovery in the Middle East is made. The rights to the resource are quickly acquired by the United Kingdom.

[edit] June

• June 18 – The University of the Philippines System is founded.
• June 20 – The Georgia Tech Alumni Association is chartered in Atlanta, Georgia.
• June 30 – The Tunguska event, also known as the Russian explosion, occurs near the Podkamennaya Tunguska River in Krasnoyarsk Krai, Siberia, Russian Empire.

[edit] July

• July 3 – Young Turk Revolution in the Ottoman Empire: Major Ahmed Niyazi, with 200 followers (Ottoman troops and civilians), begins an open revolution by defecting from the 3rd Army Corps in Macedonia, decamping into the hill country.
• July 6 – Robert Peary sets sail for the North Pole.
• July 11-12 – The steamship Amalthea, housing 80 British strikebreakers while in Malmö harbour, Sweden, is bombed by Anton Nilson; 1 is killed, 20 injured.
• July 19 – The Feyenoord Rotterdam Football Club is founded.
• July 22 – The automobile manufacturing company Fisher Body is founded.
• July 23 – Young Turk Revolution: The Committee of Union and Progress (CUP) issues a formal ultimatum to Sultan Abdul Hamid II to restore the constitution of 1876, within the Ottoman Empire.
• July 24 – Young Turk Revolution: Abdul Hamid II announces the restoration of the Ottoman Empire's constitution.
• July 24 – Dorando Pietri wins the Olympic marathon in London in one of the most dramatic arrivals of the Olympic history, only to be disqualified soon afterwards.
• July 26 – United States Attorney General Charles Joseph Bonaparte issues an order to immediately staff the Office of the Chief Examiner (later renamed the Federal Bureau of Investigation).

[edit] August

• August 24 – After an intense power struggle, Sultan Abd al-Aziz IV of Morocco is deposed, and is succeeded by his brother Abd al-Hafiz.
• August 31 – A charter is granted for Wayland Literary and Technical Institute in Plainview, Texas (now Wayland Baptist University).

[edit] September

• September 8 – The Danish minister of Justice, Peter Adler Alberti, is revealed to be an embezzler.
• September 16 – William C. Durant founds the company which eventually becomes General Motors.
• September 17 – At Ft. Myer, Virginia, Thomas Selfridge becomes the first person to die in an airplane crash. The pilot, Orville Wright, is severely injured in the crash but recovers.
• September 23 – The University of Alberta is founded in Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.
• September 27 – Henry Ford produces his first Model T automobile.

[edit] October

• October 5 – Bulgaria declares its independence from the Ottoman Empire; Ferdinand I of Bulgaria becomes Tsar.
• October 6 – The Bosnian Crisis begins after the Austro-Hungarian Empire annexes Bosnia and Herzegovina.
• October 13 – The Church of the Nazarene is organised officially at Pilot Point, Texas as the Pentecostal Church of the Nazarene. This is the official "birthday" of the denomination.
• October 14 – The Chicago Cubs win the World Series. They have failed to do so ever since.

[edit] November

• November 3 – U.S. presidential election, 1908: Republican William Howard Taft defeats Democrat William Jennings Bryan.
• November 6 – Western bandits Butch Cassidy and The Sundance Kid are supposedly killed in Bolivia, after being surrounded by a large group of soldiers. There are many rumors to the contrary however, and their grave sites are unmarked.
• November 13 – Andrew Fisher becomes the 5th Prime Minister of Australia.
• November 14 – Elizabeth Garrett Anderson is the first woman in England to be elected mayor (of Aldeburgh).
• November 24 – The first credit union in the United States begins operation in Manchester, New Hampshire.
• November 29 – Iraklis Thessaloniki (the historic Greek sports club) is founded, named after the mythical Greek hero Hercules.

[edit] December

• December 2 – Child Emperor Pu Yi ascends the Chinese throne at age 2.
• December 16 – Construction begins on the RMS Olympic at the Harland and Wolff Shipyards in Belfast.
• December 28 – An earthquake and tsunami destroys Messina, Sicily and Calabria, killing over 70,000 people.

[edit] Undated

• British suffragettes begin a campaign for female suffrage.
• Due to the evidence collected by Roger Casement, Léopold II of Belgium is forced to make reforms in the Congo, which is his personal colony.
• The Children's Encyclopedia is first published.
• The Bureau of Investigation, forerunner of the FBI, is founded.
• Blackball, New Zealand coal miners strike for 11 weeks, an important step in the formation of the New Zealand Labour Party.
• Henri Matisse opens his own art academy in France.
• A 40,000-year-old Neanderthal boy skeleton is found at Le Moustier in southwest France.
• The Child Labour Act of Ontario is passed.
• The Irish Universities Act, 1908 is passed, creating the National University of Ireland at Dublin and the Queen's University of Belfast.
• The first Ideal Home Exhibition is held in London.
• The Manila Business School is renamed the Philippine School of Commerce (later the Polytechnic University of the Philippines).
• The University of the Philippines is founded at Manila.
• The first year of rugby league opens in Australia.
• The American Temperance University closes.
• Club Union becomes Club Deportivo Guadalajara of Mexico.
• Vimto is invented by John Noel Nichols. Originally sold under the name Vimtonic, Nichols shortens it to Vimto in 1912.
• The Converse Rubber Shoe Company (also known as the Boston Rubber Shoe Company) is formed in Malden, Massachusetts.

[edit] Ongoing

• Black Patch Tobacco Wars

[edit] Births

1908 in other calendars

Gregorian calendar	1908 MCMVIII
Ab urbe condita	2661
Armenian calendar	1357 ԹՎ ՌՅԾԷ
Bahá'í calendar	64 – 65
Berber calendar	2858
Buddhist calendar	2452
Burmese calendar	1270
Byzantine calendar	7416 – 7417
Chinese calendar	丁未年十一月廿八日 (4544/4604-11-28) — to — 戊申年十二月初九日 (4545/4605-12-9)
Coptic calendar	1624 – 1625
Ethiopian calendar	1900 – 1901
Hebrew calendar	5668 – 5669
Hindu calendars
- Vikram Samvat	1963 – 1964
- Shaka Samvat	1830 – 1831
- Kali Yuga	5009 – 5010
Holocene calendar	11908
Iranian calendar	1286 – 1287
Islamic calendar	1325 – 1326
Japanese calendar	Meiji 41 (明治41年)
Korean calendar	4241
Thai solar calendar	2451
v • d • e

[edit] January-February

• January 8 – William Hartnell, British actor (d. 1975)
• January 9 – Simone de Beauvoir, French feminist writer (d. 1986)
• January 12 – Jean Delannoy, French film director (d. 2008)
• January 14 – Russ Columbo, Italian-American singer, bandleader, and composer (d. 1934)
• January 15 – Edward Teller, Hungarian-born physicist (d. 2003)
• January 22 – Lev Davidovich Landau, Russian physicist, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1968)
• January 26 – Stéphane Grappelli, French jazz violinist and composer (d. 1997)
• January 27 – Oran "Hot Lips" Page, American jazz musician (d. 1954)
• February 1 – George Pál, Hungarian-born animator (d. 1980)
• February 2 – Justice M. Chambers, American Medal of Honor recipient (d. 1982)
• February 5 – Daisy and Violet Hilton, English conjoined twin actresses (d. 1969)
• February 11 – Vivian Ernest Fuchs, English geologist and explorer (d. 1999)
• February 12 – Jean Effel, French painter and journalist (d. 1982)
• February 12 -August Neo, Estonian wrestler (d. 1982)
• February 17 – Red Barber, American baseball announcer and sports journalist (d. 1992)
• February 17 – Bo Yibo, Chinese politician (d. 2007)
• February 22 – John Mills, English actor (d. 2005)
• February 23 – William McMahon, Prime Minister of Australia (d. 1988)
• February 26 – Tex Avery, American cartoonist (d. 1980)
• February 26 – Jean-Pierre Wimille, French race car driver (d. 1949)
• February 29 – Balthus, French painter (d. 2001)
• February 29 – Dee Brown, American writer and historian (d. 2002)

[edit] March-April

• March 2 – Walter Bruch, German engineer (d. 1990)
• March 4 – T.R.M. Howard, African-American civil rights leader & surgeon (d. 1976)
• March 5 – Rex Harrison, English actor (d. 1990)
• March 7 – Anna Magnani, Italian actress (d. 1973)
• March 12 – Rita Angus, New Zealand painter (d. 1970)
• March 12 – Ida Crowe Pollock, English writer.
• March 13 – Walter Annenberg, American publisher and philanthropist (d. 2002)
• March 17 – Brigitte Helm, German actress (d. 1996)
• March 19 – George Rodger, British photojournalist (d. 1995)
• March 20 – Michael Redgrave, English actor (d. 1985)
• March 20 – Frank Stanton, American businessman (d. 2006)
• March 22 – Louis L'Amour, American author (d. 1988)
• March 25 – Helmut Käutner, German actor and director (d. 1980)
• March 25 – David Lean, English film director (d. 1991)
• March 26 – Henry (Hank) Sylvern, U.S. radio personality (d. 1964)
• March 27 – Semprini, English musician (d. 1990)
• March 29 – Arthur O'Connell, American actor (d. 1981)
• April 1 – Abraham Maslow, American psychologist (d. 1970)
• April 2 – Buddy Ebsen, American actor and dancer (d. 2003)
• April 4 – Ernestine Gilbreth Carey, American author (d. 2006)
• April 4 – Frances Ford Seymour, American socialite (d. 1950)
• April 5 – Bette Davis, American actress (d. 1989)
• April 5 – Herbert von Karajan, Austrian conductor (d. 1989)
• April 5 – Jagjivan Ram, Indian politician (d. 1986)
• April 6 – John P. Davies, American diplomat (d. 1999)
• April 7 – Percy Faith, Canadian-born composer, musician (d. 1976)
• April 8 – Tito Guízar, Mexican singer and film actor (d. 1999)
• April 15 – eden ahbez, American musician (d. 1995)
• April 20 – Lionel Hampton, African-American musician and bandleader (d. 2002)
• April 24 – Józef Gosławski, Polish sculptor and medallic artist (d. 1963)
• April 25 – Edward R. Murrow, American journalist (d. 1965)
• April 28 – Oskar Schindler, Austro-Hungarian (Sudeten German) industrialist (d. 1974)
• April 29 – Jack Williamson, American science fiction author (d. 2006)
• April 30 – Bjarni Benediktsson, Icelandic prime minister (d. 1970)

[edit] May-June

• May 1 – Krystyna Skarbek, Polish-born heroine of World War II (d. 1952)
• May 5 – Kurt Böhme, German bass (d. 1989)
• May 7 – Max Grundig, German inventor and industrialist (d. 1989)
• May 8 – Cristian Vasile, Romanian singer (d. 1974)
• May 19 – Percy Williams, Canadian athlete (d. 1982)
• May 20 – James Stewart, American actor (d. 1997)
• May 23 – Max Abramovitz, American architect (d. 2004)
• May 23 – John Bardeen, American physicist, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1991)
• May 23 – Hélène Boucher, French aviatrix (d. 1934)
• May 25 – Theodore Roethke, American poet (d. 1963)
• May 26 – Nguyen Ngoc Tho, First prime minister of South Vietnam
• May 28 – Ian Fleming, English writer (d. 1964)
• May 30 – Hannes Alfvén, Swedish physicist, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1995)
• May 30 – Mel Blanc, American voice actor (d. 1989)
• May 31 – Don Ameche, American actor (d. 1993)
• June 12 – Marina Semyonova, Russian ballerina
• June 18 – Bud Collyer, American voice actor and game show host (d. 1969)
• June 20 – Billy Werber, American baseball player (d. 2009)
• June 21 – Yoon Bong-Gil, Korean resister against the Japanese occupation of Korea (d. 1932)
• June 24 – Alfons Rebane, Estonian military commander (d. 1976)
• June 24 – Hugo Distler, German composer (d. 1942)
• June 26 – Salvador Allende, President of Chile (d. 1973)
• June 26 – William F. Knowland, Americian politician and newspaperman (d. 1974)
• June 27 – Bill Kennedy, American actor (d. 1997)
• June 29 – Leroy Anderson, American composer (d. 1975)
• June 30 – Winston Graham, English writer (d. 2003)

[edit] July-August

• July 12 – Milton Berle, American comedian (d. 2002)
• July 25 – Bill Bowes, English cricketer (d. 1987)
• July 25 – Kathryn Eames, American actress (d. 2004)
• July 27 – Joseph Mitchell, American writer (d. 1996)
• August 2 – Al Alquist, California politician (d. 2006)
• August 4 – Kurt Eichhorn, German conductor (d. 1994)
• August 4 – Osbert Lancaster, British cartoonist (d. 1986)
• August 5 – Harold Holt, Prime Minister of Australia (d. 1967)
• August 9 – A. I. Bezzerides, American screenwriter (d. 2007)
• August 10 – Rica Erickson, Australian botanist
• August 16 – William Maxwell, American novelist and editor (d. 2000)
• August 20 – Al Lopez, American baseball player and manager (d. 2005)
• August 21 – M. M. Kaye, British writer (d. 2004)
• August 22 – Henri Cartier-Bresson, French photographer (d. 2004)
• August 23 – Hannah Frank, Scottish artist and sculptor (d.2008)
• August 27 – Donald Bradman, Australian cricketer (d. 2001)
• August 27 – Lyndon Johnson, President of the United States (d. 1973)
• August 28 – Roger Tory Peterson, American naturalist, artist and educator (d. 1996)
• August 28 – Robert Merle, French writer (d. 2004)
• August 30 – Leonor Fini, Argentine artist (d. 1996)
• August 31 – William Saroyan, American writer (d. 1981)

[edit] September-October

• September 2 – Nikolai Aleksandrovich Kozyrev, Russian astronomer/astrophysicist (d.1983)
• September 3 – Lev Semenovich Pontryagin, Russian mathematician (d. 1988)
• September 4 – Richard Wright, African-American author (d. 1960)
• September 6 – Louis Essen, English physicist (d. 1997)
• September 6 – Korczak Ziolkowski, American sculptor (d. 1982)
• September 7 – Paul Brown, American football coach (d. 1991)
• September 7 – Michael E. DeBakey, American surgeon and medical researcher (d. 2008)
• September 10 – Raymond Scott, American composer, bandleader, electronic music pioneer (d. 1994)
• September 12 – Reginald C. Fuller, English Roman Catholic priest and writer
• September 13 – Mae Questel, American actress (d. 1998)
• September 15 – Penny Singleton, American actress (d. 2003)
• September 15 – Miško Kranjec, Slovenian writer (d. 1983)
• September 19 – Paul Bénichou, French intellectual (d. 2001)
• September 21 – Charles Upham, New Zealand soldier (d. 1994)
• September 25 – Eugen Suchoň, Slovak composer (d. 1993)
• September 29 – Eddie Tolan, American athlete (d. 1967)
• September 30 – David Oistrakh, Ukrainian-born violinist (d. 1974)
• October 1 – Umar Dimayev, Chechen folk singer (d. 1972)
• October 6 – Carole Lombard, American actress (d.1942)
• October 9 – Lee Wiley, American jazz singer (d. 1975)
• October 14 – Ruth Hale, American playwright and actress (d. 2003)
• October 15 – John Kenneth Galbraith, Canadian economist (d. 2006)
• October 16 – Enver Hoxha, Albanian dictator (d. 1985)
• October 17 – Kenji Miyamoto, Japanese politician (d. 2007)
• October 19 – Sydney MacEwan, Scottish singer (d. 1990)
• October 19 – Geirr Tveitt, Norwegian composer (d. 1981)
• October 20 – Carl Stuart Hamblen, American musician and presidential candidate (d. 1989)
• October 21 – Jorge Oteiza, Spanish painter (d. 2003)
• October 22 – John Gould, American humorist, essayist, and columnist (d. 2003)
• October 23 – Abdurakhman Avtorkhanov, Chechen historian (d. 1997)
• October 23 – Ilya Frank, Russian physicist, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1990)
• October 25 – Tauno Palo, Finnish actor (d. 1982)
• October 25 – Edmond Pidoux, Swiss writer (d. 2004)
• October 28 – Arturo Frondizi, President of Argentina (d. 1995)

[edit] November-December

• November 2 – Fred Bakewell, English cricketer (d. 1983)
• November 4 – Józef Rotblat, Polish physicist, Nobel Peace Prize laureate (d. 2005)
• November 10 – Charles Merritt, Canadian Army officer (d. 2000)
• November 12 – Harry Blackmun, American judge (d. 1999)
• November 16 – Sœur Emmanuelle, French nun (d. 2008)
• November 18 – Imogene Coca, American actress (d. 2001)
• November 20 – Alistair Cooke, English-born American journalist (d. 2004)
• November 23 – Nelson S. Bond, American science fiction writer (d. 2006)
• November 26 – Charles Forte, Scottish businessman (d. 2007)
• November 28 – Claude Lévi-Strauss, Belgian-born anthropologist
• November 29 – Adam Clayton Powell, Jr., American politician (d. 1972)
• December 3 – Edward Underdown, American film and stage actor (d. 1989)
• December 4 – Alfred Hershey, American bacteriologist, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1997)
• December 6 – Pierre Graber, Swiss Federal Councilor (d. 2003)
• December 10 – Olivier Messiaen, French composer (d. 1992)
• December 11 – Elliott Carter, American composer
• December 11 – Manoel de Oliveira, Portuguese film director
• December 17 – Willard Libby, American chemist, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1980)
• December 22 – Kočo Racin, Macedonian poet and revolutionary (d. 1943)
• December 22 – Giovanni Luigi Bonelli, Italian comic book author and writer (d. 2001)
• December 23 – Sol Carter, American baseball player (d. 2006)
• December 31 – Simon Wiesenthal, Austrian Nazi-hunter (d. 2005)

[edit] Date unknown

• Howard Cary, American engineer (d. 1991)
• Aden Abdullah Osman Daar, Somali politician (d. 2007)

[edit] Deaths

[edit] January – June

• January 9 – Wilhelm Busch, German painter and poet (b. 1832)
• January 17 – Ferdinand IV, Grand Duke of Tuscany (b. 1835)
• January 25 – Ouida, English writer (b. 1839)
• February 1 – King Carlos I of Portugal (b. 1863)
• April 20 – Henry Chadwick, English-born baseball writer and historian (b. 1824)
• April 22 – Henry Campbell-Bannerman, Prime Minister of the United Kingdom (b. 1836)
• April 26 – Karl Möbius, German ecologist (b. 1825)
• May 24 – Old Tom Morris, Scottish golfer (b. 1821)
• May 26 – Mirza Ghulam Ahmad, founder of the Ahmadiyya movement in Islam (b. 1835)
• June 13 – Henry Lomb, German-American optician who co-founded Bausch & Lomb (b. 1848)
• June 14 – Frederick Stanley, founder of the Stanley Cup, the NHL Championship Trophy (b. 1841)
• June 21 – Nikolai Rimsky-Korsakov, Russian composer (b. 1844)
• June 24 – Grover Cleveland, 22nd and 24th President of the United States (b. 1837)

[edit] July – December

• July 3 – Joel Chandler Harris, American author (Br'er Rabbit) (b. 1848)
• July 5 – Jonas Lie, Norwegian author (b. 1833)
• July 6 – Felipe Calderón y Roca, Filipino politician (b. 1868)
• July 10 – Phoebe Knapp, American hymn composer (b. 1839)
• July 20 – Demetrius Vikelas, Greek International Olympic Committee president (b. 1835)
• July 22 – William Randal Cremer, English politician and pacifist, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1828)
• August 4 – Radoje Domanović, Serbian writer (b. 1873)
• August 25 – Henri Becquerel, French physicist, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1852)
• August 26 – Tony Pastor, American vaudeville and theater impresario (b. 1837)
• September 17 – Thomas Selfridge, American Army officer & first aviation casualty (b. 1882)
• September 20 – Pablo de Sarasate, Spanish violinist and composer (b. 1844)
• September 29 – Joaquim Maria Machado de Assis, Brazilian author (b. 1839)
• October 30 – Caroline Astor, American socialite (b. 1830)
• November 3 – Harro Magnussen, German sculptor (b. 1861)
• November 4
  • Richard Gerstl, Austrian artist (b. 1883)
  • Tomás Estrada Palma, first President of Cuba (b. 1832)
• November 14 – The Guangxu Emperor of China (b. 1871)
• November 15 – Empress Dowager Cixi, ruler of China (b. 1835)

[edit] Unknown date

• Qasim Amin, Egyptian writer (b. 1863)

[edit] Nobel prizes

• Physics – Gabriel Lippmann
• Chemistry – Ernest Rutherford
• Medicine – Ilya Ilyich Mechnikov, Paul Ehrlich
• Literature – Rudolf Christoph Eucken
• Peace – Klas Pontus Arnoldson, Fredrik Bajer

[edit] See also

• Boy Scouts of America – founded circa this time period.

[edit] Notes

Wikimedia Commons has media related to: 1908

1. ^ Ballarat Genealogy: Newspaper Report of the accident

[edit] External links