331 BC

**331 BC in other calendars**
Gregorian calendar	331 BC;
Ab urbe condita	423
Armenian calendar	N/A
Bahá'í calendar	-2174 – -2173
Berber calendar	620
Buddhist calendar	214
Burmese calendar	-968
Byzantine calendar	5178 – 5179
Chinese calendar	[[Sexagenary cycle\|]]年; (2306/2366) — to — [[Sexagenary cycle\|]]年; (2307/2367)
Coptic calendar	-614 – -613
Ethiopian calendar	-338 – -337
Hebrew calendar	3430 – 3431
Hindu calendars
- Vikram Samvat	-275 – -274
- Shaka Samvat	N/A
- Kali Yuga	2771 – 2772
Holocene calendar	9670
Iranian calendar	952 BP – 951 BP
Islamic calendar	981 BH – 980 BH
Japanese calendar
Korean calendar	2003
Thai solar calendar	213
	v • d • e

	331 BC by topic
	Politics
	State leaders - Sovereign states
	Birth and death categories
	Births - Deaths
	Establishments and disestablishments categories
	Establishments - Disestablishments v • d • e

Millennium:	1st millennium BC
Centuries:	5th century BC - 4th century BC - 3rd century BC
Decades:	360s BC 350s BC 340s BC - 330s BC - 320s BC 310s BC 300s BC
Years:	334 BC 333 BC 332 BC - 331 BC - 330 BC 329 BC 328 BC

[edit] Events

Alexander departs from Egypt and leads his forces towards Phoenicia. He leaves Cleomenes of Naucratis as the ruling nomarch to control Egypt.
October 1 — Alexander of Macedonia is victorious in the Battle of Gaugamela (near ancient Ninevah) over the Persian King Darius III. Darius turns his chariot and flees, although his subordinates fight on. Alexander pursues the defeated Persian forces to Arbela, but Darius escapes with his Bactrian cavalry and Greek mercenaries into Media.
Alexander becomes the master of the Persian Empire, ending the Achaemenid dynasty. Babylon and Susa open their gates to him. In the capital, Susa, Alexander gains access to huge treasures amounting to 50,000 gold talents.

While Alexander is fighting in Asia, Agis III of Sparta, profiting from the Macedonian king's absence from Greece, leads some of the Greek cities in a revolt. With Persian money and 8,000 Greek mercenaries, he holds Crete against Macedonian forces. In the Peloponnesus he routes a force under the Macedonian general Coragus and, although Athens stays neutral, he is joined by Elis, Achaea (except Pellene) and Arcadia, with the exception of Megalopolis, the staunchly anti-Spartan capital of Arcadia, which Agis III's forces besiege.

Alexander of Epirus takes Heraclea from the Lucanians, and Terina and Sipontum from the Bruttii.
Tarentum turn against Alexander of Epirus when they realize that he intends to create a kingdom of his own in southern Italy. Alexander is defeated and killed in the Battle of Pandosia on the banks of the Acheron.

The Gallic tribe of the Senones and the Romans conclude a peace and enter upon a period of friendly relations which lasts the rest of the century.

331 BC by topic
Politics
State leaders - Sovereign states
Birth and death categories
Births - Deaths
Establishments and disestablishments categories
Establishments - Disestablishments v • d • e