Bell Island
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
 Aerial view of Bell Island |
|
| Geography | |
|---|---|
  Location of Bell Island in Newfoundland
|
|
| Location | Conception Bay |
| Coordinates | 47°39′N 52°56′W / 47.65°N 52.933°WCoordinates: 47°39′N 52°56′W / 47.65°N 52.933°W |
| Area | 34 km² (13.1 sq mi) |
| Highest point | Round Juniper Marsh (120 m (394 ft)) |
| Country | |
| Canada | |
| Province |  Newfoundland and Labrador |
Bell Island is an island located off Newfoundland's Avalon Peninsula in Conception Bay.
Measuring 9 km in length and 3 km in width, Bell Island has an area of 34 km². The soil is composed of Ordovician sandstone and shale with red hematite.
It is home to three communities, the largest of which is the incorporated town of Wabana.
The provincial government operates a ferry service from Portugal Cove to Bell island daily. It is primarily used by commuters who work in the St. John's metropolitan area.
Contents |
[edit] History
Likely settled by Maritime Archaic Indians and/or the Dorset people, Bell Island, as with the rest of the island of Newfoundland was likely inhabited by the Beothuk Nation at the time of European discovery.
The first European inhabitants settled during 1700s and attempted to farm and fish with the island having a subsistence economy throughout much of the 1800s. The economy expanded tremendously during the 1890s when iron ore mining began near the community of Wabana.
Wabana grew to become the island's largest community and the mine became one of the largest producers of iron ore in northeastern North America. The mine's workings extended beneath the seabed of Conception Bay, creating one of the most extensive submarine iron mines in the world.
Most of Bell Island's ore was shipped from loading facilities to Sydney, Nova Scotia where it was smelted in a steel mill. The steel mill at Sydney and the iron mine at Bell Island were owned by the Dominion Steel and Coal Company (DOSCO), which at one point was one of the largest private employers in Canada.
During the Second World War, the anchorage for bulk carriers shipping iron ore was attacked by German U-boats in two separate attacks in 1942. Four ships were sunk and 69 merchant mariners lost their lives:
- SS Sagonaga
- SS Lord Strathcona
- SS P.L.M 27
- SS Rose Castle
In addition to the four cargo ships, an errant German torpedo also struck the DOSCO iron ore loading dock on shore. A memorial overlooks the waters where the wrecks can be seen at low tide. Bell Island was one of the very few locations in North America to see enemy action during the war, and the only location in North America to be subject to direct attack by German forces during World War II (due to the errant torpedo hitting land).
Being an underground operation, the Bell Island iron ore mine was an extremely expensive mine to operate. During the 1950s, some of the largest surface iron ore deposits in the world were discovered in northeastern Quebec and the western part of Labrador. After the Quebec North Shore and Labrador Railway was built in the latter part of the decade, Bell Island iron ore became uncompetitive.
During the early 1960s, the steel and coal industries on Cape Breton Island began to falter in the face of foreign competition. In 1966 the steel mill in Sydney and nearby coal mines were slated to be closed. At the same time, iron ore mining at Wabana stopped.
Bell Island's resource-based economy was hard-hit by the shutdown, resulting in a large out-migration of residents. Some moved to the nearby growing metropolitan centre of St. John's. In recent decades a reverse move has been occurring where housing is being built on Bell Island to accommodate residents who wish to commute by ferry (20 minutes each direction) to Portugal Cove and travel to work in the city.
The scenic and sheltered waters of Conception Bay are also seeing an increase in pleasure boating activity as the suburban communities grow around nearby Conception Bay South.
[edit] The Bell Island Boom
On April 2, 1978, there was a loud explosion on Bell Island that caused damage to some houses and the electrical wires in the surrounding area. Two cup-shaped holes about two feet deep and three feet wide marked the major impact. A number of TV sets in Lance Cove, the surrounding community, also exploded at the time of the blast. Weather men confirmed that atmospheric conditions at the time were not conducive to lightning. The blast was heard 45 kilometers away in Cape Broyle. Apparently U.S. Vela satellites picked up the event.[citation needed] The incident was investigated promptly by two representatives from a U.S. weapons laboratory at Los Alamos, according to the news media.[citation needed]
It has been speculated that the explosion was ball lightning. However, a recent documentary aired on The History Channel about electromagnetic pulse weapons speculated that it may have been a result of top secret experiments by either the Russian or U.S. governments, involving high energy beams focused into the ionosphere that were attracted by the iron in abandoned mines.[citation needed]
[edit] Bell Island mine expedition
Steve Lewis an experienced cave diver, wreck diver and member of The Explorers Club led a team that photographed and assessed the Bell Island mine for "condition, safety and feasibility" of future research in 2006.[1][2][3] On February 4, 2007, expedition member Joseph T. Steffen lost his life on a dive into the mine.[4] The project continued despite the loss of this explorer and team members managed to lay approximately two kilometers of line and document many of the mine's artifacts.[5][6] Their report also provided the Bell Island Heritage Society with important information on artifacts left when mining operations ended in the 1940s.[1]
[edit] See also
[edit] References
- ^ a b "Historic dive made "below the bell"". Bell Island Heritage Society and Ocean Quest Adventure Resort. August 3, 2006. http://www.hnl.ca/membernewsdetails.php?171. Retrieved on 2009-07-02.
- ^ Gallant, Jeffery (Sept-Oct 2006). "Tech team dives 'Below the Bell'". Diver. http://www.oceanquestadventures.com/media_gallery/albums/batch_upload/clippings/Diver%20-%20Sept-Oct%202006.pdf. Retrieved on 2009-07-02.
- ^ Doppler (Lewis, Steve). "Bell Island Expedition "Mine Quest": Our Personnel". http://bellislandexpedition.blogspot.com/2007/01/our-personnel.html. Retrieved on 2009-07-02.
- ^ Lowers, Deborah (2007-02-13). "Family, friends say goodbye to RH official". The News-Herald. http://www.news-herald.com/articles/2007/02/13/top%20stories/17843370.txt. Retrieved on 2009-07-02.
- ^ "Map showing approximate location of lines and places of interest". 2007-02-14. http://bellislandexpedition.blogspot.com/2007/02/we-laid-approximately-two-kilometres-of.html. Retrieved on 2009-07-02.
- ^ Dekina, Vlada (2007). "Mine Quest - Diving the Mines of Bell Island". wrecksandreefs.com. http://www.wrecksandreefs.com/mine.htm. Retrieved on 2009-07-02.
