Catarrhini
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| Catarrhini Fossil range: Late Eocene – Present |
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Catarrhini is a parvorder of the Primates, one of the three major divisions of the suborder Haplorrhini. It contains the Old World monkeys (superfamily Cercopithecoidea, family Cercopithecidae) and the apes (superfamily Hominoidea).
The latter is further divided into the lesser apes (family Hylobatidae), consisting of the gibbons; and the hominids or great apes (family Hominidae), consisting of the orangutans, gorillas, chimpanzees, and humans. Older references described humans and their most close extinct relatives/ancestors as a family on its own and placed the great apes in the family Pongidae.
The other two major divisions of the suborder Haplorrhini are the prosimian tarsiers, which were formerly classified with the strepsirrhines, and the Platyrrhini (New World monkeys), which live in both South America and Central America.
Catarrhini means narrow nose, and the term describes their narrow, downward pointing nostrils. Like the platyrrhines (with the exception of the genus Aotus), they are diurnal. Their tails (if they have tails) are not prehensile. They have flat fingernails.
Their dental formula is
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Most species show considerable sexual dimorphism and do not form a pair bond. Most, but not all, species live in social groups. They are all native to Africa and Asia.
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[edit] Classification and evolution
The apes and Old World monkeys split from their New World monkey kin about 40 million years ago. The major catarrhine division occurred about 25 mya, with the gibbons separating from the great apes and humans about 18 mya.
- Parvorder Catarrhini
- Superfamily Cercopithecoidea
- Family Cercopithecidae: Old World monkeys
- Superfamily Hominoidea
- Family Hylobatidae: gibbons
- Family Hominidae: great apes (including humans)
- Superfamily Cercopithecoidea
[edit] The tale of the late Asian catarrhines
In May 2005, three new primate fossils were discovered in the Bugti Hills of Pakistan. These hills lock away many primate mysteries. Among them was made in 2001, when the early primate Bugtilemur was discovered and led to the assumption that lemurs came from Asia, not Africa. The three primates called Bugtipithecus inexpectans, Phileosimias kamali, and Phileosimias brahuiorum all date back to the Oligocene some 30 million years ago - when monkeys dominated only Africa. These were small lemur-like catarrhines that prospered in an ancient tropical rainforest. Possibly these Asian catarrhines led nowhere in evolution, a side branch from Eosimias. Other possible new catarrhines fossils were uncovered in China, Thailand, and Burma.[citation needed]
[edit] References
- Groves, C. (2005-11-16). Wilson, D. E., and Reeder, D. M. (eds). ed. Mammal Species of the World (3rd edition ed.). Johns Hopkins University Press. pp. 152-184. ISBN 0-801-88221-4. http://www.bucknell.edu/msw3.
[edit] External links
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Wikispecies has information related to: Catarrhini |
