Cattle raiding
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Cattle rustling or cattle raiding is the act of stealing livestock. In Australia, such stealing is often referred to as duffing, and the person as a duffer. [1][2]
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[edit] History
Historically the act of cattle rustling is quite ancient with the first suspected raids conducted over seven thousand years ago.[3]
[edit] Mythology
Cattle raids play an important part in Indo-European mythology, see for example Táin Bó Cúailnge (Irish), the Rigvedic Panis (India), and the Homeric Hymn to Hermes, who steals the cows of Apollo (Greece). These myths are often paired with myths of the rape (in the original wider sense of the term) or abduction of women (compare Helen, Sita, Saranyu, The Rape of the Sabine Women). Abduction of women and theft of lifestock were practiced in many of the world's pre-urbanised cultures, the former likely reaching back to the Paleolithic, and the latter to the earliest domestication of animals in the Neolithic.
[edit] American Old West
In the American Old West, rustling was under some circumstances considered a serious offense; however, it would rarely result in lynching by vigilantes. Most such stories are false or exaggerations at least in part inspired by popular Westerns such as The Virginian.
Mexican rustlers were a major issue during the American Civil War, with the Mexican government being accused of supporting the habit. Texans likewise stole cattle from Mexico, swimming them across the Rio Grande. These cattle were called "wet stock." Failure to brand new calves facilitated theft.
Conflict over (mostly presumed) rustling was a major issue in the Johnson County War in the American state of Wyoming.
The transition from open range to fenced grazing gradually reduced the practice of rustling in North America. In the 20th century, so called 'suburban rustling' became more common, with rustlers anesthetizing cattle and taking them directly to auction. It often takes place at night, and poses problems for law enforcement because on very large ranches it can take several days for loss of cattle to be noticed and reported. Convictions are rare to nonexistent.
[edit] Patagonia
Cattle raiding became a major issue at the end of the 19th century in Argentina where cattle stolen during malónes were taken through Rastrillada de los chilenos across the Andes to Chile where they were exchanged for alcoholic beverages and weapons. Several indigenous groups, and outlaws such as the Boroanos and Ranqueles tribes and the Pincheira brothers ravaged the southern frontier of Argentina in search for cattle. To prevent the cattle raiding the Argentine government built a system of trenches called Zanja de Alsina in the 1870s. Most cattle raids ended after the military campaigns of the Conquest of the Desert, and the following partition of Patagonia by Chile and Argentina established by the 1881 Border Treaty.
[edit] Notes
- ^ Baker, Sidney John (1945) The Australian language : an examination of the English language and English speech as used in Australia Angus and Robertson, Ltd., Sydney, page 32, OCLC 186257552
- ^ Derricourt, William (1899) Old Convict Days (2nd ed.) T.F. Unwin, London, p. 103 OCLC 5990998
- ^ The Perfect Gift: Prehistoric Massacres. The twin vices of women and cattle in prehistoric Europe
[edit] Sources
- George Raine (2007-12-16). "Cattle rustling on the rise in California". San Francisco Chronicle. http://www.sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article.cgi?f=/c/a/2007/12/16/BUQ6TT0PK.DTL.
- "The Handbook of Texas Online". Texas State Historical Association. http://www.tshaonline.org/handbook/online/articles/CC/jbc1.html.
- Webb, Walter Prescott; Eldon Stephen Branda (1952). The Handbook of Texas. Texas State Historical Association. http://books.google.com/books?id=dx0UAAAAYAAJ&q=Cattle+rustling&dq=Cattle+rustling&lr=&pgis=1.
- Robert Reinhold (1987-04-25). "Cattle rustling making a comeback as tough times hit Texas". The New York Times. http://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9B0DE0DE1E3DF936A15757C0A961948260.
- Tallent, Annie D. (1899). The Black Hills, Or, The Last Hunting Ground of the Dakotahs. Nixon-Jones. p. 559. http://books.google.com/books?id=GPA0AAAAIAAJ.
[edit] See also
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