Reginald Foster (Latinist)

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Father Reginald Foster is an American Catholic priest and friar of the order of Discalced Carmelites, born in Milwaukee, Wisconsin, November 14, 1939 (1939-11-14) (age 69). He works in the "Latin Letters" section of the Secretariat of State in the Vatican. This section is the successor to the historical "Briefs to Princes." Father Foster became one of the Pope's Latinists in the late 1960s.^[1][2]

Foster is an expert in Latin literature, especially Cicero, and is an internationally-recognized authority on the Latin language.^[3]

He appears in Bill Maher's 2008 documentary Religulous.

Contents 1 Biography 2 Latin class 2.1 Latin liturgy 3 Media reception 4 References 5 Bibliography 6 External links 6.1 Newspaper articles

[edit] Biography

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Foster has stated that since the age of 13 he has desired three things: 1) to be a monk, 2) to be a priest, and 3) to work with Latin. Foster grew up in a family of plumbers (his father, brothers and uncles are plumbers). He went to junior seminary in Peterborough, New Hampshire. It was then that Reginald fell in love with Latin. He would sit in the library with Lewis and Short's Latin Dictionary and be fascinated by the entries.

Foster came to Rome in the early 1960s to study. He also taught German in those early days. He is fluent in Latin, German, Italian and his native English.

Foster's daily schedule is quite unusual. He sleeps just four hours a night, from 10 PM to 2 AM. He always watches "Larry King Live" at 3 AM Rome time. Then he says Mass for himself in the basement of the Teresianum, his Carmelite residence on the Janiculum Hill. After Mass, he works on the numerous homework sheets he assigns for his classes--either for his summer students or those at the Gregorianum. Around 7-8 AM he walks down to his office at the Vatican, where he works on papal documents until 12 or 1 PM. Fosters says that he takes a 10-minute nap at work. During the regular school year, he walks across town to the Gregorianum and teaches two classes a day--except one day where he only holds a class in conversational Latin. In the summer, Foster makes his way back up the Janiculum by bus and prepares to teach his summer school schedule.

Returning to Milwaukee every August, Foster is sure to order another one of his blue outfits of wash pants and jacket from JC Penney--"they have my measurements." He does not wear the traditional habit of a Discalced Carmelite friar because, he says, it intimidates people.

Foster continues to suffer serious health complications resulting from a fall in June 2008, and was admitted on the 17th of January 2009 into the Fate Bene Fratelli Hospital on the Tiber Island.^[4] After a grueling several months spent mostly in intensive care, during which Foster narrowly avoided death, he finally recovered enough to be taken to the United States, where he is to recuperate and receive physical therapy at Clement Manor.^[5] Due to his injuries, Father Foster canceled his Summer Latin program for 2009.

[edit] Latin class

Since the early 1970s Foster had taught during the regular academic year in the Gregorian University in Rome. These classes consist of five "experiences," broken down such that the first, third, and fourth experiences cover basic grammar and practice readings. The second experience is a conversational practice class, and is open to students of all levels. The fifth class is the most advanced class, and is taught at a higher level (much of it in Latin) than just about any other Latin class in the world. These classes at the Gregorian are populated almost exclusively by Catholic clergy, seminarians, nuns, etc., and by a very small number of laymen. The fifth experience, however, tends to attract mostly laymen. In 2004, he was fired for the large numbers of non-paying students.^[2]

Father Foster's summer course "Aestiva Romae Latinitas," or Summer Latin in Rome, has been held every summer since 1985 at the Janiculum Hill in Rome. He does not charge anything, only requiring the student to possess basic knowledge of Latin, love of the language, and the will to learn more, making the course very popular.

He likes the students to have the Lewis and Short Latin Dictionary (which he strongly prefers to the more modern, but less complete Oxford Latin Dictionary) and the Gildersleeve and Lodge Latin Grammar in class at all times. Class is taught not from a textbook but from his "sheets," which are oversized mimeographs of Latin literature ranging from the earliest stuff there is, ca. 200 B.C., right up to the latest Papal documents.

Homework is what Foster terms "Ludi Domestici." These are again oversized mimeographs in Foster's typewritten characters--large and small capitals. Students are to complete these Ludi on their own using their dictionaries and notes from class.

Foster's summer courses consist of two "tracks"--the "iuniores" and the "seniores." Each day (six days a week, Sundays off), his classes meet, beginning around 2:00 p.m., in the basement theater of an elementary school run by nuns not far from where Foster lives on the Janiculum Hill. A typical class day consists of three 90-minute sections separated by short breaks: one session for the iuniores; a joint session for both levels; then a seniores section.

After class Foster also holds informal meetings "sub arboribus" (under the trees) in the early evening at his monastery, called the Teresianum, next to the very ancient San Pancrazio church, for more practice in Latin. Two nights a week are dedicated to conversational Latin, two to reading Latin texts by sight.

On Sundays during the summer, Foster leads excursions into such places as Pompeii, the Roman Forum, and the Castelli Romani. For these gatherings, Foster provides booklets full of Latin texts, maps, and pictures pertaining to that day's trip. Everyone takes public transportation, and these outings are almost invariably followed by dinner at a small Italian restaurant near each locale. Other outings are half-day affairs within Rome. Tours of the Roman Forum and Capitoline as well as an Ides of March tour are popular. Upon request, Foster will also lead "Inscription Reading" tours around Rome before his regularly scheduled tours.

Entry to the summer course is provisional upon completion of a written test, which Foster provides upon request, either via mail or fax. He does not use email (at least as of August 2006) or computers in general. These classes are generally populated by Latin teachers, professors, graduate students, and undergradate students from around the world, as well as a small number of priests, seminarians, and nuns. The course is supported by donors around the world. Foster accepts donations only if they are "voluntary and anonymous."^{[citation needed]}

In 2009, for the first summer in many years, however, Foster's summer school will not be held; he intends to offer his regular academic-year classes beginning in Fall 2009, and to resume the summer school in 2010.

[edit] Latin liturgy

Despite Foster's condemnation over what he sees as a decline in Latin teaching, he is a critic of a return to Latin liturgy, commenting that it "makes the Vatican look a bit medieval." He believes that a better example would be for Benedict XVI to announce that he will read Latin in his Vatican quarters.^[6]

[edit] Media reception

Foster's teaching style has made him the subject of BBC documentaries and a chapter in Alexander Stille's book "The Future of the Past." It is characterized by a gruff style that feigns anger, disappointment, and a sense of despair for the future of Latin studies. Yet most students see that the demeanor is merely part of his style, and consider his 'tough love' approach a refreshing contrast to the coddling of undergraduate American curricula. His pedagogy often can be a bit contrarian: In terms of his teaching, the task of translating any bawdy Latin text will sometimes go to a pious sister, and a text from St Augustine or Pope St Leo the Great might be given to an atheist or Jew for example.^[7][8]

On October 17, 2006, according to the Catholic News Agency, Foster announced to a group of about 100 students that he had been fired from his teaching position at the Gregorian University by the Society of Jesus, on grounds that too many students were taking his classes without paying tuition. As a result, on November 2, 2006, according to CNA, Foster founded the new "Academia Romae Latinitatis", a free Latin Academy for all interested English speakers interested in learning or brushing up on their Latin. The Academia, also known as the Istituto Ganganelli, is currently being housed near Piazza Venezia in Rome.^[1]

Foster was featured, in an interview segment conducted in front of the Vatican, in the 2008 film Religulous. In his interview with Bill Maher Father Foster candidly admits that he does not believe Hell exists, that December 25 was not the birth date of Jesus and that the opulence of the Vatican betrays the original message of Jesus. He describes such beliefs as "stories" and part of the "old Catholic thing."^[9]

[edit] References

[edit] Bibliography

A. Stille: "The Future of the Past: How the Information Age Threatens to Destroy our Cultural Heritage" ISBN 0-330-37534-2

[edit] External links

• FAQ de Aestiva Romae Latinitatis
• Vatican Radio (for Foster's radio show)
• Learn Latin with Father Reginaldus Foster
• Sermones Leonis Magni (The sermons of Pope Leo I, read by Reginald Foster)
• More about Aestiva Latinitatis (summer class)

[edit] Newspaper articles

• Roman Rebound from The Economist
• Forget 'Hic, Haec, Hoc.' Try 'O Tempora! O Lingua!' Abstract from the New York Times
• Claudia Parsons Passion for Latin Thrives in Rome from Reuters
• Tom Heinen For him, Latin is liveliest language from the Milwaukee Journal-Sentinel
• Eric J. Lyman Vatican's Latin expert no stuffy academic from USA Today
• [1]

Preceded by Antonio Bacci

Papal Latinist 1969-present

Succeeded by Incumbent