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Fl. ca.)
Floruit (pronounced /ˈflɔrju.ɪt/, often abbreviated fl. or flor. and sometimes italicized to show it is Latin) refers to a period of time during which a person, school, movement or even species was active or flourishing. It is the third person, singular, perfect tense, indicative, active form of the Latin verb florere — "to flourish".
It is widely used in genealogy and historical writing; its use occurs when the birth or death dates are unknown, but some other evidence exists that indicates when a person was alive. For example, if there are wills attested by John Jones in 1204, 1207 and 1229, and a record of his marriage in 1197, a record concerning him might be written as "John Jones (fl. 1197–1229)".
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