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List of Indian princely states

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Before the Partition of India in 1947, hundreds of Princely States, also called Native States, existed in India which were not part of British India. These were the parts of the Indian subcontinent which had not been conquered or annexed by the British.

Things moved quickly after the partition of British India in 1947. By the end of 1949, all of the states except Sikkim had chosen to accede to one of the newly independent states of India or Pakistan or else had been annexed.

[edit] Outline

Main article: Princely state
For details of precedence between the states, see Salute state.

In principle, the princely states had internal autonomy, while by treaty the British had suzerainty and were responsible for their external affairs. In practice, while the states were indeed ruled by potentates with a variety of titles, such as Raja, Maharaja, Nawab, Khan or Nizam, the British had considerable influence.

By the time of the departure of the colonial power in 1947, only four of the largest of the states still had their own British Resident, a diplomatic title for advisors present in the states' capitals, while most of the others were grouped together into Agencies, such as the Central India Agency, the Deccan States Agency, and the Rajputana Agency.

From 1920, the states were represented in the Chamber of Princes, which held its meetings in New Delhi.

The most important states were ranked among the salute states.

By the Indian Independence Act 1947, the British gave up their suzerainty of the states and left each of them free to choose whether to join one of the newly independent countries of India or Pakistan. For a short time, some of the rulers explored the possibility of a federation of the states separate from either, but this came to nothing. Most of the states then decided to accede to India or to Pakistan, while others which held out for the possibility of independence were later annexed by India, such as Junagadh (1947-1948), Hyderabad on 18 September 1948, Bilaspur on 12th October 1948, and Bhopal on 1 May 1949. Dewan of Travancore chose to remain an independent country.

In Jammu and Kashmir, a state with a Muslim majority but a Hindu ruler, the Maharaja hoped to remain independent but acceded to India on 27 October 1947 at the outset of the invasion of Jammu and Kashmir by Pakistan - leading to the Indo-Pakistani War of 1947.

On 31 March 1948, Kalat acceded to Pakistan, although the brother of the Khan led a rebellion against this decision.

The last remaining independent state, Sikkim, was incorporated into India on 16 May 1975, following a referendum in which people of Sikkim overwhelmingly voted for this.

[edit] Indian Princely States at the time of independence on August 15 1947

There have been various differences in organisation before, repeatedly quite significant, during the British Raj.

[edit] Individual residencies

Princely State Now part of Last Ruler
Hyderabad Flag of India Andhra Pradesh, Maharashtra & Karnataka, India Asaf Jah VII
Jammu and Kashmir Flag of India Jammu and Kashmir, India. H.H.Dr.Karan Singh
Travancore Flag of India Kerala & Tamil Nadu, India Uthradom Thirunal Marthanda Varma, Maharaja of Travancore
Sikkim Flag of India Sikkim, India Palden Thondup Namgyal


[edit] Baluchistan Agency

Princely States of the Baluchistan Agency.

Princely State Now part of Last/Present Ruler
Kalat Flag of Pakistan Balochistan, Pakistan H.H. Ahmad Yar Khan
Kharan Flag of Pakistan Balochistan, Pakistan Habibullah Khan
Las Bela Flag of Pakistan Balochistan, Pakistan Jam Ghulam Qadir Khan
Makran Flag of Pakistan Balochistan, Pakistan Bai Khan Baloch Gikchi


[edit] Deccan States Agency and Kolhapur Residency

Princely States of Deccan States Agency and Kolhapur Residency.

Princely State Now part of Last Ruler
Akalkot Flag of India Maharashtra, India Shrimant Rani Sumitra Bai Raje Bhonsle, Rani Saheb of Akalkot
Aundh Flag of India Maharashtra, India HH Meherban Shrimant Bhagwant Rao Shripat Rao, Pant Pratinidhi Of Aundh
Bhor Flag of India Maharashtra, India Raja Shrimant Sir Raghunathrao Shankarrao Babasaheb Pandit Pant Sachiv
Janjira Flag of India Maharashtra, India HH Nawab Sidi Muhammed Khan II Sidi Ahmad Khan, Nawab of Janjira
Jath Flag of India Maharashtra, India Lt. Shrimant Raja Vijaysinghrao Ramrao Babasaheb Dafle
Kolhapur Flag of India Maharashtra, India HH Shrimant Rajashri Shahu II Chhatrapati Maharaj Sahib Bahadur, Maharaja of Kolhapur
Kurundwad Flag of India Maharashtra, India Meherban Raja Hariharrao Raghunathrao [Bapusaheb] Patwardhan, co-Raja of Kurundwad Jnr
Mudhol Flag of India Karnataka, India HH Shrimant Raja Bhairavsinhrao Malojirao Ghorpade II
Phaltan Flag of India Maharashtra, India Major HH Raja Bahadur Shrimant Ram raje Naik Nimbalkar
Sangli Flag of India Maharashtra, India Capt. HH Shrimant Raja Saheb Sir Chintamanrao II Dhundirajrao Appasaheb Patwardhan
Sawantvadi Flag of India Maharashtra, India Bhonsale clan
Savanur Flag of India Karnataka, India Nawab of Savanur, Abdul Majid Khan II


[edit] Gwalior Residency

Princely States of the Gwalior Residency.

Princely State Now part of Last/Present Ruler
Gwalior Flag of India Madhya Pradesh, India George Jivajirao Scindia
Varanasi Flag of India Uttar Pradesh, India Pandit Dr. Vibhuti Narayan Singh
Bhadarva Flag of India Madhya Pradesh, India
Garha Flag of India Madhya Pradesh, India
Khaniyadhana Flag of India Madhya Pradesh, India
Paron Flag of India Madhya Pradesh, India
Rajgarh Flag of India Madhya Pradesh, India
Rampur Flag of India Uttar Pradesh, India H.H. Nawab Syed Muhammad Kazim 'Ali Khan Bahadur, Nawab of Rampur
Umri Flag of India Madhya Pradesh, India


[edit] Madras Presidency

Princely States of the Madras Presidency.

Princely State Now part of Last/Present Ruler
Cochin Flag of India Kerala, India Kerala Varma
Banganapalle Flag of India Andhra Pradesh, India H.H. Nawab Sayyid Fazl-i-'Ali Khan IV Bahadur, Nawab of Banganapalle
Pudukkottai Flag of India Tamil Nadu, India H.H. Raja Sri Brahadamba Das Raja Sri Rajagopala Tondiman Bahadur, Raja of Pudukkottai
Sandur Flag of India Karnataka, India Shrimant Maharaj Shri Murarrao Yeshwantrao Ghorpade, Hindurao, Mamlukatmadar Senapati, Raja of Sandur
Mysore Flag of India Karnataka, India Jayachamaraja Wodeyar


[edit] North-West Frontier

Princely States of the North-West Frontier.

Princely State Now part of Last/Present Ruler
Amb Flag of Pakistan North-West Frontier Province, Pakistan Nawab Saeed Khan
Chitral Flag of Pakistan North-West Frontier Province, Pakistan H.H. Mehtar Saif-ul-Mulk Nasir
Dir Flag of Pakistan North-West Frontier Province, Pakistan Muhammad Shah Khosru Khan
Phulra Flag of Pakistan North-West Frontier Province, Pakistan Ata Muhammed Khan
Swat Flag of Pakistan North-West Frontier Province, Pakistan Miangul Abdul-Haqq Jahanzib


[edit] States of the Punjab

States of the Punjab States Agency (Punjab).

Princely State Now part of Last/Present Ruler
Bahawalpur Flag of Pakistan Punjab, Pakistan H.H. Sadeq Mohammad Khan V
Bilaspur Flag of India Himachal Pradesh, India H.H. Raja Kirti Chand, Raja of Bilaspur
Faridkot Flag of India Punjab, India Lt. H.H. Farzand-i-Sadaat Nishan Hazrat-i-Kaisar-i-Hind Raja Bharat Indar Singh Brar Bans Bahadur, Raja of Faridkot
Jind Flag of India Haryana, India H.H. Maharaja Satbir Singh ["Prince Sunny"], Maharaja of Jind''
Kangra Flag of India Himachal Pradesh, India H.H. Raja Aditya Dev Chand Katoch
Kalsia Flag of India Haryana, India Raja HIMMAT SHER SINGH Sahib Bahadur
Kapurthala Flag of India Punjab, India Brig. H.H. Maharaja Sri Sukhjit Singh Sahib Bahadur, Maharaja of Kapurthala
Loharu Flag of India Haryana, India H.H. Nawab Mirza Alauddin Ahmad Khan II (alias Parvez Mirza), Nawab of Loharu
Malerkotla Flag of India Punjab, India
Mandi Flag of India Himachal Pradesh, India H.H. Raja Sri Ashokpal Sen, Raja of Mandi
Nabha State Flag of India Punjab, India H.H. Maharaja Hanuwant Singh Malvinder Bahadur, Maharaja of Nabha
Patiala Flag of India Punjab, India Capt. H.H. Maharajadhiraj Shri Amarinder Singh, Maharaja of Patiala
Sirmur Flag of India Himachal Pradesh, India Lt. H.H. Maharaja RAJENDRA PRAKASH Bahadur
Suket/ Surendernagar Flag of India Himachal Pradesh, India H.H. Raja Hari Sen, Raja of Suket"
Siba Flag of India Himachal Pradesh, India H.H.Raja Dr. Ashok K. Thakur
Tehri Garhwal Flag of India Uttarakhand, India H.H. Maharaja Manujendra Shah Sahib Bahadur


[edit] States of the Rajputana Agency

States of the Rajputana Agency.

Princely State Now part of Last Ruler
Alwar Flag of India Rajasthan, India HH Maharaja Tej Singh
Banswara Flag of India Rajasthan, India H.H. Rai Rayan Mahimahendra Maharajadhiraj Maharawalji Sahib Shri Jagmalji II Sahib Bahadur, Naresh Rajya, Maharawal of Banswara.
Bikaner Flag of India Rajasthan, India H.H. Sri Raj Rajeshwar Maharajadhiraj Narendra Sawai Maharaja Shiromani Ravi Raj Singhji Bahadur, Maharaja of Bikaner and Head of the Royal House of Bikaner.
Bharatpur Flag of India Rajasthan, India Maharaja Suraj Mal, Jawahar Singh.
Bundi Flag of India Rajasthan, India Col. HH Maharao Raja Shri BAHADUR SINGHJI Bahadur
Dholpur Flag of India Rajasthan, India H.H. Rais ud-Daula, Sipahdar ul-Mulk, Saramad Rajha-i-Hind, Maharajadhiraja Shri Sawai Maharaj Rana Shri Hemant Singh, Lokendra Bahadur, Diler Jang Jai Deo, Maharaj Rana of Dholpur.
Dungarpur Flag of India Rajasthan, India H.H. Rai-i-Rayan, Mahimahendra, Maharajadhiraj Maharawal Shri Mahipal Singhji II Sahib Bahadur, Maharawal of Dungarpur.
Jaipur Flag of India Rajasthan, India Maharaja Sawai Man Singh II
Jaisalmer Flag of India Rajasthan, India HH Maharajadhiraj Maharawal Sir JAWAHIR SINGH Bahadur
Jhalawar Flag of India Rajasthan, India H. Maharajadhiraj Maharaj Rana Shri Chandrajit Singh Dev Bahadur, Maharaj Rana of Jhalawar.
Jodhpur Flag of India Rajasthan, India H.H. Raj Rajeshwar Saramad-i-Rajha-i-Hindustan Maharajadhiraja Maharaja Shri Gaj Singhji II Sahib Bahadur, Maharaja of Jodhpur.
Karauli Flag of India Rajasthan, India HH Maharaja Shri GANESH PAL Deo Bahadur Yadakul Chandra Bhal
Kishangarh Flag of India Rajasthan, India HH Umdae Rajhae Buland Makan Maharajadhiraja Maharaja SUMER SINGHJI Bahadur
Kotah Flag of India Rajasthan, India HH Maharao Shri BHIM SINGH II Bahadur
Kushalgarh Flag of India Rajasthan, India Rao HARENDRA SINGH
Palanpur Flag of India Gujarat, India
Pratabgarh Flag of India Rajasthan, India Raja AJIT PRATAP SINGH
Shahpura Flag of India Rajasthan, India HH Rajadhiraj SUDERSHAN SINGH
Sirohi Flag of India Rajasthan, India
Tonk Flag of India Rajasthan, India Nawab Muhammad Faruq Ali Khan
Mewar Flag of India Rajasthan, India Maharana Sir Bhupal Singh
Lawa Flag of India Rajasthan, India
Vallabhpur Flag of India Rajasthan, India

[edit] Province of Sindh

Princely State Now part of Last Ruler
Khairpur Flag of Pakistan Sindh, Pakistan H.H. George Ali Murad Khan


[edit] Gujarat States Agency and Baroda Residency

The Rajkumar College, Rajkot
Districts of Gujarat
Laxmi Vilas Palace, Baroda

[edit] States of Central India Agency

Map of British India, 1909
Subhash Marg, Indore
Bhil tribe girls in Jhabua
Orchha Palace, Madhya Pradesh

[edit] States of the Eastern States Agency

Ujjayanta Palace in Tripura
Palace in Cooch Behar
The 19th century Ujjayanta Palace, now used as the meeting place of Tripura's State Legislative Assembly
Girivilas Palace in Sarangarh

[edit] Alphabetical list of former British India's princely states

A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z

Geographical and administrative assigning is indicative, as various names and borders have changed significantly, even entities (provinces, principalities) split, merged, renamed et cetera.

Furthermore, criteria of statehood (used for inclusion) differ between sources.

In some cases, several name variations or completely different names are included.

[edit] A

[edit] B

[edit] C

[edit] D

[edit] F

  • Faridkot in PEPSU - Hereditary salute of 11-guns

[edit] G

[edit] H

[edit] I

[edit] J

[edit] K

[edit] L

[edit] M

[edit] N

[edit] O

  • Orchha in Madhya Pradesh - Hereditary salute of 15-guns
  • Oudh = Awadh Political Pensioner - ?salute

orai

[edit] P

[edit] R

[edit] S

[edit] T

[edit] U

[edit] V

[edit] W

[edit] Z

[edit] Further reading

  • The Relationship Between the Indian Princely States and the Indian Central Government, 1921-1933, by Harry Dunseth Wood. Published by University of Chicago, 1951.
  • The Paramount Power and the Princely States of India, 1858-1881, by Ajit K. Neogy. Published by K. P. Bagchi, 1974.
  • Rajahs and Prajas: An Indian Princely State, Then and Now, by S. Devadas Pillai. Published by Popular Prakashan, 1976.
  • Princely States and the Paramount Power, 1858-1876: A Study on the Nature of Political Relationship Between the British Government and the Indian State, by Mihir Kumar Ray. Rajesh Publications, 1981.
  • Documents and Speeches on the Indian Princely States, by Adrian Sever. Published by B.R. Pub. Corp., 1985.
  • The Late Pre-colonial Background to the Indian Princely States, by Richard B Barnett. Published by Centre for South Asian Studies, University of Punjab, 1988.
  • Indian Princely Medals: A Record of the Orders, Decorations, and Medals of the Indian Princely States, by Tony McClenaghan. Published by Spantech & Lancer, 1996. ISBN 1897829191.
  • British Policy Towards Princely States of India: Seminar Entitled "British Policy Towards North Indian Princely States" : Selected Papers, by R P Vyas. Published by Rajasthan-Vidya Prakashan, 1992.
  • The Princely States of India: A Chronological Checklist of Their Rulers, by David P. Henige. Published by Borgo Press, 1997. ISBN 0893703257.
  • Constitutional Development in the Indian Princely States, by Ranjana Kaul. Published by UBS Publishers Distributors, 1998. ISBN 8125905111.
  • The Maharaja & the Princely States of India, by Sharada Dwivedi. Published by Lustre Press, 1999. ISBN 8174360816.
  • Illustrated Encyclopaedia & Who's who of Princely States in Indian Sub-continent, by J. C. Dua. Published by Kaveri Books, 2000. ISBN 8174790365.
  • The Golden Book of India: A Genealogical and Biographical Dictionary of the Ruling Princes, Chiefs, Nobles, and Other Personages, Titled or Decorated, of the Indian Empire, by Sir Roper Lethbridge. Adamant Media Corporation, 2001. ISBN 1402193289.
  • True Tales of British India & the Princely States: & The Princely States, by Michael Wise. Published by In Print, 1993. ISBN 1873047061.
  • Princely States of India: A Guide to Chronology and Rulers, by David P. Henige. Published by Orchid Press, 2006. ISBN 9745240494.
  • India's Princely States: People, Princes and Colonialism, by Waltraud Ernst, Biswamoy Pati. Published by Routledge, 2007. ISBN 0415415411.

[edit] Sources and references

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