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List of monarchs of Sri Lanka

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King of Sri Lanka

Crown of Sri Vikrama Rajasinha
Sri Vikrama Rajasinha of Sri Lanka
First monarch Vijaya
Last monarch Sri Vikrama Rajasinha
Style His
Official Residence Multiple
Monarchy started 543 BC
Monarchy ended 1815

The following is a list of monarchs of Sri Lanka since 543 BC. The main source for many of these monarchs are the chronicles of the island maintained by monks, known as the Dipavamsa, Mahavamsa, and the Chulavamsa. This list should be used with the following factors kept in mind. Firstly the dates provided for the earliest monarchs are difficult to objectively verify; those which are particularly difficult to know have been denoted with a (?) mark. Secondly in terms of succession it is difficult to divide the monarchs into 'houses' or 'dynasties' as often the throne was passed around amongst related individuals within a particular clan; especially in medieval times there were no articulated rules of succession and whoever was in possession of the sacred Tooth Relic had a good claim to being called king.

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[edit] Note on Chronology

Sri Vikrama Rajasinha's Royal Standard

It should be borne in mind that there is controversy about the base date of the Buddhist Era, with 544 BC and 483 BC being advanced as the date of the parinibbana of the Buddha. As Wilhelm Geiger pointed out, the Dipawamsa and Mahawamsa are the primary sources for ancient South Asian chronology; they date the consecration (abhisheka) of Asoka to 218 years after the parinibbana. Chandragupta Maurya ascended the throne 56 years prior to this, or 162 years after the parinibbana. The approximate date of Chandragupta's ascension is known to be within two years of 321 BC (from Megasthenes). Hence the approximate date of the parinibbana is between 485 and 481 BC - which accords well with the Mahayana dating of 483 BC.[1]

According to Geiger, the difference between the two reckonings seems to have occurred at sometime between the reigns of Udaya III (946-954 or 1007-1015) and Pârakkama Pandya (c. 1046-1048), when there was considerable unrest in the country.[1]

However, mention is made of an embassy sent to China by Cha-cha Mo-ho-nan in 428. The name may correspond to 'Raja (King) Mahanama', who (by the traditional chronology) reigned about this time. [2]

Furthermore, the traveller-monk Xuanzang, who attempted to visit Sri Lanka about 642, was told by Sri Lankan monks (possibly at Kanchipuram that there was trouble in the kingdom, so he desisted;[3] this accords with the period of struggle for the throne between Aggabodhi III Sirisanghabo, Jettha Tissa III and Dathopa Tissa I Hatthadpath in 632-643.

Recent indological research has indicated that the Parinibbana of the Buddha may be even later than previously supposed. A majority of the scholars at a symposium held in 1988 in Göttingen regarding the problem were inclined towards a date of 440-360 BCE. However, it should be noted that their calculations were based on the chronology of Tibetan Buddhism, preferred over that of the Dipavamsa/Mahavamasa; the modified chronology, in order to work, needs to identify the Indian ruler Kalasoka, son of Susunaga, with the Emperor Asoka, son of Bindusara.[4][5] It should be noted that the Sri Lankan chronicles are based on even earlier works and that the Buddhist canon was first put into writing in Sri Lanka.

The chronology of the following list is based on the the traditional Therevada/Sri Lankan system which is based on 544 BC, or 61 years earlier than the Mahayana calendar. The dates after c 1048 are synchronous.

[edit] Vijayan monarchs (543 BC–437 BC)

[edit] from Tambapanni (Thammanna Nuwara) (543 BC–505 BC)

Portrait Name Birth Death King From King Until Relationship with Predecessor(s)
Vijaya - - 543 BC 505 BC *Eldest child of Sihabahu and Sinhasivali
*Grandson of Suppadevi
*Great Grandson of the king of Vanga and daughter of the king of Kalinga
*Great Great Grandson of the king of Kalinga

[edit] from Vijitapura (Upatissa Nuwara) (505 BC–437 BC)

Portrait Name Birth Death King From King Until Relationship with Predecessor(s)
Upatissa
(regent) (interregnum of one year)		 - - 505 BC 504 BC *Chief Minister under Vijaya
Panduvasdeva - - 504 BC 474 BC *Nephew of Vijaya
Abhaya - - 474 BC 454 BC *Son of Panduvasdeva
Tissa
(regent) (interregnum of seventeen years)		 - - 454 BC 437 BC *Second son of Panduvasudeva
*younger brother of Abhaya

[edit] Kings of Rajarata from Anuradhapura (437 BC–777)

[edit] Anuradhapuran monarchs (437 BC–237 BC)

Portrait Name Birth Death King From King Until Relationship with Predecessor(s)
Pandukabhaya - - 437 BC 367 BC *Grandson of Panduvasudeva
*Son of Princess Umaddha Citta
*Nephew of Abhaya and Tissa
Mutasiva - - 367 BC 307 BC *Son of Pandukabhaya
Devanampiya Tissa - 267 BC 307 BC 267 BC *Second son of Mutasiva
Uttiya - - 267 BC 257 BC *Brother of Devanampiya Tissa
Mahasiva - - 257 BC 247 BC *Second (younger) brother of Devanampiya Tissa
Suratissa - - 247 BC 237 BC *Younger brother of Mutasiva

[edit] The Two Chola Kings (237 BC–215 BC)

Portrait Name Birth Death King From King Until Relationship with Predecessor(s)
Sena Chola - - 237 BC 215 BC *Defeated Suratissa in battle and ruled with Gutthika
Gutthika - - 237 BC 215 BC *Defeated Suratissa in battle and ruled with Sena Chola

[edit] Anuradhapura monarchs (215 BC–205 BC)

Portrait Name Birth Death King From King Until Relationship with Predecessor(s)
Asoka-(Asela) - - 215 BC 205 BC *Youngest (ninth) brother of King Devanampiya Tissa
*Regained the Kingdom from the Sena Chola and Gutthika

[edit] Chola invasion (205 BC–161 BC)

Portrait Name Birth Death King From King Until Relationship with Predecessor(s)
Elara - - 205 BC 161 BC *Defeated Asoka in battle

[edit] Sub Kingdoms (205 BC–161 BC)

[edit] Maya Rata
Portrait Name Birth Death King From King Until Relationship with Predecessor(s)
Kelani Tissa - - 205 BC 161 BC

[edit] Ruhuna
Portrait Name Birth Death King From King Until Relationship with Predecessor(s)
Kavan Tissa - - 205 BC 161 BC

[edit] Ruhuna monarchs (161 BC–103 BC)

Portrait Name Birth Death King From King Until Relationship with Predecessor(s)
Dutthagamani Abhaya
(aka Dutta Gamini or Dutugemunu)		 - - 161 BC 137 BC *Defeated Elara
*Eldest son of Kavan Tissa
*Originally the ruler of Ruhuna
Saddha Tissa - - 137 BC 119 BC *Brother of Dutugemunu
Thulatthana
(Tulna)		 - - 119 BC 119 BC *Second son of Saddha Tissa
Lanja Tissa - - 119 BC 109 BC *Older brother of Thullattana
*Oldest son of Saddha Tissa
Khallata Naga
(Kalunna)		 - - 109 BC 103 BC *Brother of Lajja Tissa
*Third son of Saddha Tissa
Vattagamani Abhaya
(aka Valagambahu I)
(Walagamba)		 - - 103 BC 103 BC *Fourth son of Saddha Tissa

[edit] The Pancha Dravida (the 'Five Dravidans') (103 BC–89 BC)

Portrait Name Birth Death King From King Until Relationship with Predecessor(s)
Pulahatta - - 103 BC 100 BC *Tamil Chief
Bahiya - - 100 BC 98 BC *Chief Minister of Pulahatha
Panya Mara - - 98 BC 91 BC *Prime Minister of Bahiya
Pilaya Mara - - 91 BC 90 BC *Chief Minister of Panayamara
Dathika - - 90 BC 89 BC *Chief Minister of Pilayamara

[edit] Anuradhapura monarchs (89 BC–66 AD)

Portrait Name Birth Death King From King Until Relationship with Predecessor(s)
Vattagamani Abhaya
(aka Valagambahu I)
(Walagamba)		 - - 89 BC 76 BC *Fourth son of Saddha Tissa
Mahakuli Mahatissa
(Maha Cula Maha Tissa)		 - - 76 BC 62 BC *Son of Khallatanaga
*Nephew and adopted son of Valagambahu I
Chore Naga
(Mahanaga)		 - - 62 BC 50 BC *Son of Valagambahu I
*Cousin of Mahakuli Mahatissa
Kuda Tissa - - 50 BC 47 BC *Son of Mahakuli Mahatissa
Siva I - - 47 BC 47 BC
Vatuka - - 47 BC 47 BC
Darubhatika Tissa - - 47 BC 47 BC
Niliya - - 47 BC 47 BC
Queen Anula - - 47 BC 42 BC *Widow of Chora Naga and Kuda Tissa
Kutakanna Tissa - - 42 BC 20 BC *Brother of Kuda Tissa
*Second son of Mahakuli Mahatissa
Bhatikabhaya Abhaya - - 20 BC 9 AD *Son of Kuttakanna Tissa
Mahadathika Mahanaga - - 9 21 *Brother of Bhatika Abhaya
Amandagamani Abhaya - - 21 30 *Son of Mahadathika Mahanaga
Kanirajanu Tissa - - 30 33 *Brother of Amandagamani Abhaya
Chulabhaya - - 33 35 *Son of Amandagamani Abhaya
Queen Sivali - - 35 35 *Sister of Chulabhaya
Interregnum - - 35 38
Ilanaga
(Elunna)		 - - 38 44 *Nephew of Queen Sivali
Chandamukha - - 44 52 *Son of Ilanaga
Yassalalaka - - 52 60 *Younger brother of Candhamuka Siva
Subharaja
(aka Subha)		 - - 60 66 *The hall porter of King Yasalaka Tissa

[edit] Lambakanna monarchs (66–436)

Portrait Name Birth Death King From King Until Relationship with Predecessor(s)
Vasabha - - 66 110 *A member of the Lambakanna clan
Vankanasika Tissa - - 110 113 *Son of Vasabha
Gajabâhu I - - 113 135 *Son of Vankanasika Tissa
Mahallaka Naga - - 135 141 *Father-in-Law of Gajabahu I
Bhatika Tissa - - 141 165 *Son of Mahallaka Naga
Kanittha Tissa - - 165 193 *Younger brother of Bhatika Tissa
Cula Naga
(aka Khujjanaga)		 - - 193 195 *Son of Kanitta Tissa
Kuda Naga
(aka Kunchanaga)		 - - 195 196 *Brother of Cula Naga
Siri Naga I - - 196 215 *Brother-in-Law of Kuda Naga
Voharika Tissa
(aka Vira Tissa & Voharikathissa)		 - - 215 237 *Son of Siri Naga I
Abhaya Naga - - 237 245 *Brother of Voharaka Tissa
Siri Naga II - - 245 247 *Son of Voharaka Tissa
Vijaya Kumara - - 247 248 *Son of Siri Naga II
Sangha Tissa I - - 248 252 *A Lambakanna
Siri Sangha Bodhi I
(aka Siri Sangabo)		 - - 252 254 *A Lambakanna
Gathabhaya - - 254 267 *Minister of State
*A Lambakanna
Jettha Tissa I
(aka Detuthis I)		 - - 267 277 *Eldest son of Gothabhaya
Mahasena - - 277 304 *Brother of Jettha Tissa
*Younger son of Gothabhaya
Sirimeghavanna - - 304 332 *Son of Mahasena
Jettha Tissa II - - 332 341 *Brother of Sirimeghavanna
Buddhadasa - - 341 370 *Son of Jettha Tissa II
Upatissa I - - 370 412 *Eldest son of Buddhadasa
Mahanama - - 412 434 *Brother of Upatissa I
Soththisena - - 434 434 *Mahanama’s son born to a Tamil mother
Chattagahaka Jantu
(aka Chhattagahaka)		 - - 434 435 *Husband of Sangha
*Daughter of Mahanama by his Sinhala Queen
Mittasena - - 435 436 *A noted plunderer

[edit] Shad Dravida (The 'Six Dravidians') (436–463)

Portrait Name Birth Death King From King Until Relationship with Predecessor(s)
Pandu - - 436 441 *A Tamil invader
Parindu - - 441 441 *Son of Pandu
Khudda Parinda - - 441 447 *Younger brother of Pandu
Tiritara - - 447 447 *Fourth Tamil ruler
Dathiya - - 447 450 *Fifth Tamil ruler
Pithiya - - 450 452 *Sixth Tamil ruler

[edit] Moriya monarchs (463–684)

Portrait Name Birth Death King From King Until Relationship with Predecessor(s)
Dhatusena - - 463 479 *Son of Sangha, the daughter of Mahanama
*Liberated Anuradhapura from 27 years of Pandyan (Tamil) Rule
Kashyapa I
(the Usurper)'(of Sigiriya)		 - - 479 497 *Son of King Dhatusena by a Pallava woman
Moggallana I - - 497 515 *Son of Dhatusena
*Brother of Kasyapa
Kumara Dhatusena - - 515 524 *Son of Mogallana
Kittisena - - 524 524 *Son of Kumara Dhatusena
Siva II - - 524 525 *Uncle of Kirti Sena
Upatissa II - - 525 526 *Son-in-Law of Kumara Dhatusena
Silakala Ambosamanera - - 526 539 *A prince of Lambakanna stock
Dathappabhuti - - 539 535 *Second son of Silakala
Moggallana II - - 535 555 *Eldest brother of Dathapatissa
Kittisirimegha - - 555 573 *Son of Mogallana II
Mahanaga - - 573 575 *Minister of War under King Dathapatissa
Aggabodhi I - - 575 608 *Brother of Mahanaga
*Nephew and Sub-King of Mahanaga
Aggabodhi II - - 608 618 *Nephew and son-in-law of Aggabodhi I
Sangha Tissa II - - 618 618 *Brother and Sword-bearer of Aggabodhi II
Moggallana III - - 618 623 *Commander-in-Chief during the reign of Aggabodhi II
Silameghavanna - - 623 632 *King Mogallana’s Sword-bearer
Aggabodhi III Sirisanghabodhi - - 632 632 *Son of Silimeghavanna
Jettha Tissa III - - 632 633 *Son of King Sangha Tissa
Aggabodhi III (restored) - - 633 643 *Son of Silimeghavanna
Dathopa Tissa I Hatthadpatha - - 643 643 *General of Jettha Tissa (Dathasiva)
Aggabodhi III (restored) - - 643 643 *Son of Silimeghavanna
Dathopa Tissa I Hatthadpatha - - 643 650 *
Kassapa II - - 650 659 *Brother of Agbo II
*Sub-King of Dathopa Tissa
Dappula I - - 659 659 *Son in law of Silimeghavanna
Dathopa Tissa II - 673 659 667 *Nephew of Dathopa Tissa I (Hattha Datha)
Aggabodhi IV - - 667 683 *Younger brother of Dathopa Tissa
Datta - - 683 684 *A chief of Royal blood who was placed on the throne by a wealthy Tamil Officer
Hatthadpatha II - - 684 684 *A youth also placed on the throne by the Tamil Officer

[edit] Lambakanna monarchs (Pallava clients) (684–777)

Portrait Name Birth Death King From King Until Relationship with Predecessor(s)
Manavanna - - 684 718 *Son of Kassapa I
*Descendant of Silamegahavanna
Aggabodhi V - - 718 724 *Son of Manavamma
Kassapa III - - 724 730 *Brother of Aggabodhi V
Mahinda I - - 730 733 *Younger brother of Kassapa III
Aggabodhi VI - - 733 772 *Son of Kassapa III
Aggabodhi VII - - 772 777 *Son of Mahinda

[edit] Kings of Rajarata from Anuradhapura and other capitals (777–c. 1007)

[edit] Lambakanna monarchs (777–c. 1007)

Portrait Name Birth Death King From King Until Relationship with Predecessor(s)
Mahinda II Silamegha - - 777 797 *Son of Aggabodhi VI
Dappula II (or Udaya I) - - 797 801 *Son of Mahinda II
*The sub-king of Mahinda II
Mahinda III - - 801 804 *Son of Dappula II
Aggabodhi VIII - - 804 815 *Brother of Mahinda III
Dappula III - - 815 831 *Younger brother of Aggabodhi VIII
Aggabodhi IX - - 831 833 *Son of Dappula III
Sena I - - 833 853 *Younger brother of Aggabodhi IX
Sena II - - 853 887 *Nephew of Sena I
*Son of Kassapa
Udaya I - - 887 898 *Brother of sub-king of Sena II
Kassapa IV - - 898 914 *Son of Sena II
*Sub-king of Udaya I
Kassapa V - - 914 923 *Son of Kassapa IV
Dappula IV - - 923 924 *Son of Kassapa V
Dappula V - - 924 935 *Brother of Dappula IV
Udaya II - - 935 938 *Nephew of Sena II
*Sub-king of Dappula V
Sena III - - 938 946 *Brother of Udaya II
Udaya III - - 946 954 *Sub-king of Sena III (a great friend of the king)
Sena IV - - 954 956 *Son of Kassapa V
*Sub-king of Udaya III
Mahinda IV - - 956 972 *Brother of Sena IV
*Nephew of Udaya III
*Sub-king of Sena
Sena V - - 972 982 *Son of Mahinda IV
Mahinda V (Fled and ruled in Ruhuna) - 1037 982 993 *Younger brother of Sena V

[edit] Chola emperors (985-1120)

Portrait Name Birth Death King From King Until Relationship with Predecessor(s)
Rajaraja Chola I - - 985 1014 *Chola (Tamil) Administration
Rajendra Chola I - - 1012 1044 *Son of Rajaraja
Rajadhiraja Chola - - 1018 1054 *Son of Rajendra
Rajendra Chola II - - 1051 1063 *Son of Rajendra
Virarajendra Chola I - - 1063 1070 *Son of Rajendra
Athirajendra Chola - - 1067 1070 *Son of Virarajendra Chola I
Kulothunga Chola I - - 1070 1120 *Son of Rajaraja Narendra

[edit] Titular kings of Rajarata (c. 1029–c. 1055)

Portrait Name Birth Death King From King Until Relationship with Predecessor(s)
Vikramabahu
(aka Kassapa VI before coronation)		 - - c.1029 c.1040 *Son of Mahinda
Kirthi
(Minister)		 - - c.1040 c.1040 *A nobleman of Ruhuna
Mahalana Kirthi - - c.1040 c.1042 *A Chief
Vikkama Pandya - - c.1042 c.1043 *A Sinhala Prince
Jagathpala - - c.1043 c.1046 *A native of Ayodhya
Pârakkama Pandya - - c.1046 c.1048
Lokeshwara
(Minister)		 - - c.1048 c.1054 *An inhabitant of Ruhuna
Kassapa VII
(aka Keshadhathu Kassapa)		 - - c.1054 c.1055 *A Chief

[edit] Kings of Rajarata from Polonnaruwa (1055–1236)

Portrait Name Birth Death King From King Until Relationship with Predecessor(s)
Vijayabâhu I - - 1055 1110 *Grandson of Vikrama Bahu
Jayabâhu I - - 1110 1111 *Brother of Vijaya Bahu I
*Prime Minister of Vijaya Bahu
Vikramabâhu I - 1131/32 1111 1132 *Son of Vijaya Bahu from a princess of Kalinga
Gajabâhu II - - 1131 1153 *Son of Vikramabâhu I
Parākramabāhu I 'the Great' 1123 1186 1153 1186 *Grandson of Vijaya Bahu I
*Prince of Royal Blood
*Son of Manabharana and Ratnavali
Vijayabâhu II - - 1186 1187 *Parakrama Bahu’s nephew (sisters son)
Mahinda VI - - 1187 1187 *A Kalinga

[edit] Kalinga monarchs (1187–1212)

Portrait Name Birth Death King From King Until Relationship with Predecessor(s)
Nissanka Malla 1157 or 1158 1196 1187 1196 *A Kalinga Prince
*Sub-king of Vijaya Bahu II
Vira Bahu I - - 1196 1196 *Son of Nissanka Malla
Vikramabâhu II - - 1196 1196 *Younger brother of Nissanka Malla
Chodaganga - - 1196 1197 *Nephew of Nissanka Malla
Queen Lilavati - - 1197 1200 *Widow of King Parakrama Bahu I
Sahassamalla - - 1200 1202 *King Nissanka Malla’s younger brother
Queen Kalyanavati - - 1202 1208 *Queen of late King Nissanka Malla
Dharmashoka - - 1208 1209 *Infant King 3 months old was put to death by Anikanga
Anikanga Mahadipada - - 1209 1209 *Governor of Maya Rata
Queen Lilavati (restored) - - 1209 1210 *Widow of King Parakrama Bahu I
Lokissara - - 1210 1211
Queen Lilavati (restored) - - 1211 1212 *Widow of King Parakrama Bahu I

[edit] Pandya monarchs (1212–1215)

Portrait Name Birth Death King From King Until Relationship with Predecessor(s)
Parakrama Pandya - - 1212 1215 *South Indian Invader (Pandyan)

[edit] Kalinga monarchs (1215–1236)

Portrait Name Birth Death King From King Until Relationship with Predecessor(s)
Magha - - 1215 1236 *A prince of Kalinga

[edit] Kingdom of Dambadeniya (1220–1302)

[edit] from Dambadeniya (1220–1270)

Portrait Name Birth Death King From King Until Relationship with Predecessor(s)
Vijayabâhu III - - 1220 1234 *A patriotic Prince of Sinhala Royal blood
Parâkkamabâhu II - - 1234 1267 *Eldest son of Vijaya Bahu III
Vijayabâhu IV - - 1267 1270 *Eldest son of Panditha Parakrama Bahu II

[edit] from Yapahuwa (1272–1286)

Portrait Name Birth Death King From King Until Relationship with Predecessor(s)
Mitta - - 127 127 *A General of the Army
Bhuvanaikabâhu I - - 1272 1285 *Brother of Vijaya Bahu IV
Chandra Bhanu - - 1285 1285 *Son of the first ruler of Yapa Patuna (Jaffnapatnam)
Interregnum - - 1285 1286

[edit] from Polonnaruwa (1287–1293)

Portrait Name Birth Death King From King Until Relationship with Predecessor(s)
Parâkkamabâhu III - - 1287 1293 *Nephew of Buvaneka Bahu I
*Son of Vijaya Bahu IV

[edit] from Kurunagala (1293–1353)

Portrait Name Birth Death King From King Until Relationship with Predecessor(s)
Bhuvanaikabâhu II - - 1293 1302 *Son of Buvaneka Bahu I
*Cousin of Parakrama Bahu III
Parâkkamabâhu IV - - 1302 1326 *Son of Buvanekka Bahu II
Bhuvanaikabahu III - - 1326 1335 *Known as Vanni Buvaneka Bahu
Vijayabâhu V - - 1335 1341 *Second son of Chandra Banu of Jaffnapatnam
Bhuvanaikabâhu IV - - 1341 1353 *Son of Vijaya Bahu V

[edit] Kingdom of Gampola (1344–1408)

[edit] from Dedigama(1344–1359)

Portrait Name Birth Death King From King Until Relationship with Predecessor(s)
Parâkkamabâhu V - - 1344 1359 *Brother of Buvaneka Bahu IV
*Son of Vijaya Bahu V

[edit] from Gampola (1357–1408)

Portrait Name Birth Death King From King Until Relationship with Predecessor(s)
Vikramabâhu III - - 1357 1374 *Son of Buvaneka Bahu IV
Bhuvanaikabâhu V - - 1372 1408 *Nissanka Alakeswara’s son by the sister of Vikrama Bahu III

[edit] Kings of Raigama (1392–1423)

Portrait Name Birth Death King From King Until Relationship with Predecessor(s)
Veerabahu II - - 1392 1397 *Brother in law of King Buvaneka Bahu V
Veeralankeshwara (Vijaya Bahu VI) - - 1397 1410
Kahawelageshwara - - - -

[edit] Kingdom of Kotte and Sub Kingdoms(1412–1597)

Kings stated with an alternative city is a Sub Kingdom, otherwise is Kotte.

Portrait Name Birth Death King From King Until Relationship with Predecessor(s)
Parâkramabâhu VI - - 1412 1467 *Prince named Sepanana (Jayapala) descended from Parakrama Bahu
*The third son of Chandra Banu of Yapa Patuna (Jaffnapatnam)
Jayabâhu II
(Vira Parakrama Bahu VII)		 - - 1467 1470 *Son of Parakrama Bahu II’s natural daughter, Ulakudaya Devi
Bhuvanaikabâhu VI
(aka Sapumal Kumara)		 - - 1470 1480 *Son of Parakrama Bahu VI
Parâkkamabâhu VII - - 1480 1484
Parâkkamabâhu VIII - - 1484 1489 *Ambulagala Kumara
*Son of Parakrama Bahu VI
Dharma Parãkramabãhu IX
(of Kelaniya)		 - - 1508/09 1528 *Son of Vira Parakrama Bahu VIII
Vijaya Bahu VII - 1521 1509 1521 *Brother of Dharma Parakrama Bahu IX
*Rajah of Menik Kadavara
Bhuvanekabãhu VII - 1551 1521 1551 *Eldest son of Vijaya Bahu
Dharmapala
(aka Dom Joaõ Dharmapala)		 - May 27, 1597 1551 May 27, 1597 *Grandson and heir of Bhuvanekabãhu VII

[edit] Kingdom of Sitawaka (1521–1594)

Portrait Name Birth Death King From King Until Relationship with Predecessor(s)
Mayadunne - 1581 1521 1581 *Brother of Bhuvaneka Bahu VII
*Son of Vijaya Bahu VII
Rajasimha I
(aka Tikiri Banda)		 1544 1593 1581 1593 *Son of Mayadunne

[edit] Kingdom of Kandy (1590–1815)

[edit] Konnapu Bandara Dynasty (1591–1739)

Portrait Name Birth Death King From King Until Relationship with Predecessor(s)
Vimaladharmasuriya I
(aka Don João da Austria)		 - - 1590 1604 *Son of Vijayasundara Bandara
Senarat Adahasin - - 1604 1635 *Cousin of Vimala Dharma Suriya I
Rajasinghe II 1608 6 December 1687 1635 November 25, 1687 *Son of Dona Catherina and Senarat
Vimaladharmasurya II - June 4, 1707 1687 June 4, 1707 *Son of King Rajasinghe II
Vira Narendra Sinha
(aka Sri Vira Parakrama Narendra Singha)		 1690 13 May 1739 June 4, 1707 13 May 1739 *Son of Vimala Dharma Suriya II

[edit] Kandy Nayakar Dynasty (1739–1815)

(a.k.a Madurai Nayak Dynasty)

Portrait Name Birth Death King From King Until Relationship with Predecessor(s)
Sri Vijaya Rajasinha
(aka Rajasimha III)		 - August 11, 1747 May 13, 1739 August 11, 1747 *Brother-in-law of Narendra Singha
Kirti Sri Rajasinha - January 2, 1782 August 11, 1747 January 2, 1782 *Sri Vijaya Raja Singha’s wife’s eldest brother from Madura
Sri Rajadhi Rajasinha - July 26, 1798 January 2, 1782 July 26, 1798 *Brother of Kirthi Sri Raja Singha
Sri Vikrama Rajasinha
(aka Rajasimha IV)		 1780 Jan 30, 1832 July 26, 1798 5 March 1815 *Nephew of Sri Rajadhi Raja Singha

[edit] Portuguese Colonial rule (1580–1658)

Main article: Portuguese Ceylon

The Portugal Colonial rule of Ceylon lasted from 1580 to 1658, during which the Portuguese ruled several parts of the costal areas of the island.

[edit] Kings of Portugal (1580–1658)

Portuguese House of Habsburg (Philippine Dynasty)
Portrait Name Birth Death King From King Until Relationship with Predecessor(s)
Philip I
(aka Filipe I (in Portugal)
Felipe II (in Spain)		 21 May 1527 13 September 1598 1580 13 September 1598 *Grandson of Manuel I
*Nephew and son-in-law of John III
Philip II
(aka Filipe II (in Portugal)
Felipe III (in Spain)		 14 April 1578 31 March 1621 14 April 1598 31 March 1621 *Son of Philip I
Philip III
(aka Filipe III (in Portugal)
Felipe IV (in Spain)		 8 April 1605 17 September 1665 31 March 1621 17 September 1665 *Son of Philip II
House of Braganza (Brigantine Dynasty)
Portrait Name Birth Death King From King Until Relationship with Predecessor(s)
John IV
(aka Filipe I (in Portugal)
Felipe II (in Spain))		 18 March 1603 6 November 1656 1 December 1640 6 November 1656 *Great-great-grandson of Manuel I
Afonso VI
(aka Afonso VI (Portuguese),
Alphonse VI (English),
Affonso VI (Old Portuguese)		 21 August 1643 12 September 1683 6 November 1656 1658 *Son of John IV

[edit] General Captains

  • Pedro Lopos de Sousa 1594
  • D. Jeronimo de Azevedo 1594-1613
  • D. Francisco de Meneses 1613-1614
  • Manuel Mascarenhas Homem 1614-1616
  • Nuno Alvares Pereira 1616-1618
  • Constantino de Sa e Noronha 1618-1622
  • Philippe III 1621-1640
  • Jorge do Albuquerque 1622-1623
  • Constantino de Sa e Noronha 1623-1630
  • D. Philippe Mascarenhas 1630-1631
  • D. Jorge de Almeida 1631-1633
  • Diego de Mello de Castro 1633-1635
  • D. Jorge de Almeida 1635-1636
  • Diogo de Mello de Castro 1636-1638
  • D. Antonio Mascarenhas 1638-1640
  • John IV of Braganza 1640-1645
  • D. Philippe Mascarenhas 1640-1645
  • Manuel Mascarenhas Homem 1645-1653
  • Francisco de Mello de Castro 1653-1655
  • Antonio de Sousa Coutinho 1655-1656
  • Antonio de Amaral de Menezes 1656-1658, Jaffna

[edit] Dutch Colonial rule

Main article: Dutch Ceylon

The Dutch Colonial rule of Ceylon lasted from 1640 to 1796. This began with the capture of Portuguese areas, during the Dutch rule the enter coast of the Island was occupied by the Dutch, leaving only the Kingdom of Kandy.

[edit] Dutch governors of Zeylan (1640–1796)

Main article: Dutch governors of Zeylan

[edit] British Colonial rule

Main article: British Ceylon

[edit] British Monarchs (1796–1948)

In 1796 British gained control of the coastal areas from the Dutch and in 1815 the entire island. The Kandyan Convention of 1815 recognized the King of England as the King of Kandy, hence the British Monarchs from 1796 to 1948 was the Monarchs of Ceylon.

House of Hanover
Portrait Name Birth Death King From King Until Relationship with Predecessor(s)
George III 04 June 1738 29 January 1820 1796 29 January 1820 *Son of Frederick, Prince of Wales
and Princess Augusta of Saxe-Gotha
George IV 12 August 1762 26 June 1830 29 January 1820 26 June 1830 *Son of George III
William IV 21 August 1765 20 June 1837 26 June 1830 20 June 1837 *Son of George III
Victoria 24 May 1819 22 January 1901 20 June 1837 22 January 1901 *Daughter of Prince Edward Augustus,
Duke of Kent and Strathearn
and Princess Victoria of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld
House of Saxe-Coburg-Gotha
Portrait Name Birth Death King From King Until Relationship with Predecessor(s)
Edward VII 9 November 1841 6 May 1910 22 January 1901 6 May 1910 *Son of Victoria
House of Windsor
Portrait Name Birth Death King From King Until Relationship with Predecessor(s)
George V 3 June 1865 20 January 1936 6 May 1910 20 January 1936 *Son of Edward VII
Edward VIII 23 June 1894 28 May 1972 20 January 1936 11 December 1936 *Son of George V
George VI 14 December 1895 4 February 1952 11 December 1936 4 February 1948 *Son of George V

[edit] British Governors of Ceylon (1796–1948)

Main article: British governors of Ceylon

Between 1796 and 1948, Ceylon was a British crown colony. Although the British monarch was the head of state, in practice his or her functions were exercised in the colony by the colonial Governor, who acted on instructions from the British government in London.

[edit] Post independence Heads of State (1948- )

[edit] Monarch of Ceylon

House of Windsor
Portrait Name Birth Death King From King Until Relationship with Predecessor(s)
George VI 14 December 1895 6 February 1952 4 February 1948 6 February 1952 *Son of George V
Elizabeth II 21 April 1926 6 February 1952 May 22, 1972 *Daughter of George VI

[edit] Governor-Generals of Ceylon (1948–1972)

Main article: Governor-General of Ceylon

In 1948, Sri Lanka achieved independence from the United Kingdom as a Dominon within the Commonwealth, and the British monarch remained the head of state. The Governor was replaced with a Governor-General, responsible not to London, but the local parliament.

[edit] Prime Ministers of Ceylon and Sri Lanka (1948 - 1978)

Main article: Prime Minister of Sri Lanka

The post of Prime Minister of Ceylon was created in 1947 prior to independence from Britain and the formation of the Dominion of Ceylon in 1948. In 1972 when Sri Lanka became a republic the name of the post changed to Prime Minister of Sri Lanka. With a Westminster-based political system establish the Prime Minister was the head of government therefore the most powerful political office of the country at the time. This changed in 1978, with constitutional change, when the Executive Presidency was created making the President both head of state and head of government. Until 1978 the Prime minister was also the Minister of Defence and External Affairs.

[edit] Presidents of Sri Lanka (1978—)

Main article: President of Sri Lanka

The 1978 constitution moved from a Westminster-based political system into one modeled on France.The President is the commander-in-chief of the armed forces, head of the Cabinet, appoints the prime minister, and could dissolve parliament (after one year has passed since the convening of parliament after a parliamentary election).

[edit] See also

[edit] References

  1. ^ a b Geiger (Tr), Wilhelm (1912). The Mahawamsa or Great Chronicle of Ceylon. Oxford: Oxford University Press (for the Pali Text Society). p. 300. http://lakdiva.org/culavamsa/vol_0.html. 
  2. ^ S G M Weerasinghe, A history of the cultural relations between Sri Lanka and China: an aspect of the Silk Route, Colombo: Central Cultural Fund, 1995, ISBN 955-613-055-1, p.40)
  3. ^ Stephen Spencer Gosch, Peter N. Stearns, Premodern Travel in World History, Routledge, 2008; ISBN 0415229405, p.93
  4. ^ L. S. Cousins, 'The Dating of the Historical Buddha: A Review Article', Indology: Resources for Indological Scholarship
  5. ^ Charles S. Prebish, 'Cooking the Buddhist Books: The Implications of the New Dating of the Buddha for the History of Early Indian Buddhism', Journal of Buddhist Ethics

[edit] External links

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