List of state leaders in 1993
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
1992 state leaders - Events of 1993 - 1994 state leaders - State leaders by year
Contents |
[edit] Africa
- Algeria -
- President - Ali Kafi, Chairman of the High Council of State (1992-1994)
- Prime Minister -
- Angola -
- President - José Eduardo dos Santos, President of Angola (1979-present)
- Prime Minister - Marcolino Moco, Prime Minister of Angola (1992-1996)
- Benin -
- President - Nicéphore Soglo, President of Benin (1991-1996)
- Botswana -
- President - Sir Quett Masire, President of Botswana (1980-1998)
- Burkina Faso -
- President - Blaise Compaoré, President of Burkina Faso (1987-present)
- Prime Minister - Youssouf Ouédraogo, Prime Minister of Burkina Faso (1992-1994)
- Burundi -
- President -
- Prime Minister -
- Cameroon -
- President - Paul Biya, President of Cameroon (1982-present)
- Prime Minister - Simon Achidi Achu, Prime Minister of Cameroon (1992-1996)
- Cape Verde -
- President - António Mascarenhas Monteiro, President of Cape Verde (1991-2001)
- Prime Minister - Carlos Veiga, Prime Minister of Cape Verde (1991-2000)
- Central African Republic -
- President -
- Prime Minister -
- Chad -
- President - Idriss Déby, President of Chad (1990-present)
- Prime Minister -
- Comoros -
- President - Said Mohamed Djohar, President of Comoros (1989-1995)
- Prime Minister -
- Congo -
- President - Pascal Lissouba, President of Congo (1992-1997)
- Prime Minister -
- Côte d'Ivoire -
- President -
- Prime Minister -
- Djibouti -
- President - Hassan Gouled Aptidon, President of Djibouti (1977-1999)
- Prime Minister - Barkat Gourad Hamadou, Prime Minister of Djibouti (1978-2001)
- Equatorial Guinea -
- President - Teodoro Obiang Nguema Mbasogo, President of Equatorial Guinea (1979-present)
- Prime Minister - Silvestre Siale Bileka, Prime Minister of Equatorial Guinea (1992-1996)
- Eritrea
- gained independence on 24 May 1993
- President[1] - Isaias Afewerki, President of Eritrea (1991–present)[2]
- Ethiopia -
- President - Meles Zenawi, Interim President of Ethiopia (1991-1995)
- Prime Minister - Tamirat Layne, Acting Prime Minister of Ethiopia (1991-1995)
- Gabon -
- President - Omar Bongo, President of Gabon (1967-2009)
- Prime Minister - Casimir Oyé-Mba, Prime Minister of Gabon (1990-1994)
- The Gambia -
- President - Sir Dawda Jawara, President of The Gambia (1970-1994)
- Ghana
- President - Jerry Rawlings, President of Ghana (1981–2001)
- Guinea -
- President - Lansana Conté, President of Guinea (1984-2008)
- Guinea-Bissau -
- President - João Bernardo Vieira, President of Guinea-Bissau (1984-1999)
- Prime Minister - Carlos Correia, Prime Minister of Guinea-Bissau (1991-1994)
- Kenya -
- President - Daniel arap Moi, President of Kenya (1978-2002)
- Lesotho -
- Monarch - Letsie III, King of Lesotho (1990-1995)
- Prime Minister -
- Liberia -
- President - Amos Sawyer, President of the Interim Government of National Unity (1990-1994)
- Libya -
- De facto Head of State - Muammar al-Gaddafi, Guide of the Revolution of Libya (1969–present)
- Nominal Head of State - Zentani Muhammad az-Zentani, General Secretary of the General People's Congress of Libya (1992–2008)
- Head of Government - Abuzed Omar Dorda, General Secretary of the General People's Committee of Libya (1990-1994)
- Madagascar -
- President -
- Prime Minister -
- Malawi -
- President - Hastings Banda, President for Life of Malawi (1966-1994)
- Mali -
- President - Alpha Oumar Konaré, President of Mali (1992-2002)
- Prime Minister -
- Mauritania -
- President - Maaouya Ould Sid'Ahmed Taya, President of Mauritania (1984-2005)
- Prime Minister - Sidi Mohamed Ould Boubacar, Prime Minister of Mauritania (1992-1996)
- Mauritius -
- President - Cassam Uteem, President of Mauritius (1992-2002)
- Prime Minister - Sir Anerood Jugnauth, Prime Minister of Mauritius (1982-1995)
- Mayotte (Territorial collectivity of France)
- Prefect -
- President of the General Council - Younoussa Bamana, President of the General Council of Mayotte (1991-2004)
- Morocco -
- Monarch - Hassan II, King of Morocco (1961–1999)
- Prime Minister - Mohammed Karim Lamrani, Prime Minister of Morocco (1992–1994)
- Western Sahara (Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic) (self-declared, partially recognized state)
- Mozambique -
- President - Joaquim Chissano, President of Mozambique (1986–2005)
- Prime Minister - Mário da Graça Machungo, Prime Minister of Mozambique (1986–1994)
- Namibia -
- President - Sam Nujoma, President of Namibia (1990-2005)
- Prime Minister - Hage Geingob, Prime Minister of Namibia (1990-2002)
- Niger -
- President -
- Prime Minister -
- Nigeria -
- Rwanda -
- President - Juvénal Habyarimana, President of Rwanda (1973-1994)
- Prime Minister -
- Saint Helena (British overseas territory)
- Governor - Alan Hoole, Governor of Saint Helena (1991-1995)
- São Tomé and Príncipe -
- President - Miguel Trovoada, President of São Tomé and Príncipe (1991-1995)
- Prime Minister - Norberto Costa Alegre, Prime Minister of São Tomé and Príncipe (1992-1994)
- Senegal -
- President - Abdou Diouf, President of Senegal (1981-2000)
- Prime Minister - Habib Thiam, Prime Minister of Senegal (1991-1998)
- Seychelles -
- President - France-Albert René, President of Seychelles (1977-2004)
- Sierra Leone -
- President - Valentine Strasser, Chairman of the Supreme Council of State (1992–1996)
- Somalia -
- President - vacant - President of Somalia (1991-1995)
- Prime Minister - Umar Arteh Ghalib - Prime Minister of Somalia (1991-1997)
- Somaliland (unrecognized secessionist state)
- South Africa -
- President - Frederik Willem de Klerk, State President of South Africa (1989-1994)
- Sudan -
- President - Omar al-Bashir, President of Sudan (1989–present)
- Swaziland -
- Monarch - Mswati III, King of Swaziland (1986-present)
- Prime Minister -
- Tanzania -
- President - Ali Hassan Mwinyi, President of Tanzania (1985-1995)
- Prime Minister - John Malecela, Prime Minister of Tanzania (1990-1994)
- Zanzibar (semi-autonomous region)
- President - Salmin Amour, President of Zanzibar (1990-2000)
- Chief Minister - Omar Ali Juma, Chief Minister of Zanzibar (1988-1995)
- Togo -
- President - Gnassingbé Eyadéma, President of Togo (1967-2005)
- Prime Minister - Joseph Kokou Koffigoh, Prime Minister of Togo (1991-1994)
- Tunisia -
- President - Zine El Abidine Ben Ali, President of Tunisia (1987–present)
- Prime Minister - Hamed Karoui, Prime Minister of Tunisia (1989–1999)
- Uganda -
- President - Yoweri Museveni, President of Uganda (1986-present)
- Prime Minister - George Cosmas Adyebo, Prime Minister of Uganda (1991-1994)
- Zaire -
- President - Mobutu Sese Seko, President of Zaire (1965-1997)
- Prime Minister -
- Zambia -
- President - Frederick Chiluba, President of Zambia (1991-2002)
- Zimbabwe -
- President - Robert Mugabe, President of Zimbabwe (1987-present)
[edit] Asia
- Afghanistan -
- President - Burhanuddin Rabbani, President of Afghanistan (1992-2001)
- Prime Minister - Gulbuddin Hekmatyar, Prime Minister of Afghanistan (1993-1994)
- Bangladesh -
- President - Abdur Rahman Biswas, President of Bangladesh (1991–1996)
- Prime Minister - Khaleda Zia, Prime Minister of Bangladesh (1991–1996)
- Bhutan -
- Monarch - Jigme Singye Wangchuck, King of Bhutan (1972-2006)
- Brunei
- Monarch - Hassanal Bolkiah, Sultan of Brunei (1967–present)[3]
- Prime Minister - Hassanal Bolkiah, Prime Minister of Brunei (1984–present)
- Cambodia -
- People's Republic of Kampuchea changed name to Cambodia on 24 September 1993
- Chairman of the Council of State - Chea Sim, Chairman of the Council of State of Cambodia (1992-1993)
- Chairman of the Supreme National Council - Norodom Sihanouk, Chairman of the Supreme National Council of Cambodia (1991-1993)
- King - Norodom Sihanouk, King of Cambodia (1993-2004)
- Prime Ministers -
- China (People's Republic of China) -
- Communist Party Leader- Jiang Zemin, General Secretary of the Communist Party of China (1989-2002)
- President -
- Premier - Li Peng, Premier of the People's Republic of China (1987-1998)
- Hong Kong (British dependent territory)
- Governor - Chris Patten, Governor of Hong Kong (1992–1997)
- India -
- President - Shankar Dayal Sharma, President of India (1992-1997)
- Prime Minister - P. V. Narasimha Rao, Prime Minister of India (1991-1996)
- Indonesia -
- President - Suharto, President of Indonesia (1967–1998)
- Japan -
- Monarch - Akihito, Emperor of Japan (1989-present)
- Prime Minister -
- Kampuchea -
- see under Cambodia
- Kazakhstan -
- President - Nursultan Nazarbayev, President of Kazakhstan (1990–present)[4]
- Prime Minister - Sergey Tereshchenko, Prime Minister of Kazakhstan (1991–1994)
- North Korea -
- Communist Party Leader - Kim Il-sung, General Secretary of the Korean Workers' Party (1948-1994)
- President - Kim Il-sung, President of North Korea (1972-1994)
- Chairman of the National Defense Commission - Kim Jong-il, Chairman of the National Defense Commission (1993-present)[5]
- Premier - Kang Song San, Premier of North Korea (1992-1997)
- South Korea -
- President -
- Prime Minister -
- Kyrgyzstan -
- President - Askar Akayev, President of Kyrgyzstan (1990–2005)[6]
- Prime Minister -
- Laos -
- Communist Party Leader - Khamtai Siphandon, General Secretary of the Lao People's Revolutionary Party (1992-2006)
- President - Nouhak Phoumsavanh, President of Laos (1992-1998)
- Premier - Khamtai Siphandon, Chairman of the Council of Ministers of Laos (1991-1998)
- Macau (overseas province of Portugal)
- Governor - Vasco Joaquim Rocha Vieira, Governor of Macau (1991-1999)
- Malaysia -
- Monarch - Sultan Azlan Shah, Yang di-Pertuan Agong of Malaysia (1989-1994)
- Prime Minister - Mahathir bin Mohamad, Prime Minister of Malaysia (1981-2003)
- Maldives -
- President - Maumoon Abdul Gayoom, President of the Maldives (1978–2008)
- Mongolia -
- President - Punsalmaagiin Ochirbat, President of Mongolia (1990-1997)
- Prime Minister - Puntsagiin Jasrai, Prime Minister of Mongolia (1992-1996)
- Myanmar -
- Head of State - Than Shwe, Chairman of the State Peace and Development Council (1992–present)
- Prime Minister - Than Shwe, Prime Minister of Myanmar (1992-2003)
- Nepal -
- Monarch - Birendra, King of Nepal (1972-2001)
- Prime Minister - Girija Prasad Koirala, Prime Minister of Nepal (1991-1994)
- Pakistan -
- President -
- Prime Minister -
- Philippines -
- Singapore -
- President -
- Prime Minister - Goh Chok Tong, Prime Minister of Singapore (1990-2004)
- Sri Lanka -
- President -
- Prime Minister -
- Taiwan (Republic of China) -
- Tajikistan -
- President - Emomali Rahmonov, President of Tajikistan (1992–present)
- Prime Minister -
- Gorno-Badakhshan (autonomous province)
- Chairman of the Administration - Akbarsho Iskandarov, Chairman of the Supreme Council (1990-1993)
- Thailand -
- Monarch - Bhumibol Adulyadej, King of Thailand (1946–present)
- Prime Minister - Chuan Leekpai, Prime Minister of Thailand (1992-1995)
- Turkmenistan -
- President - Saparmurat Niyazov, President of Turkmenistan (1990–2006)[7]
- Uzbekistan -
- President - Islom Karimov, President of Uzbekistan (1990–present)[8]
- Prime Minister - Abdulkhasim Mutalov, Prime Minister of Uzbekistan (1992–1995)
- Karakalpakstan (autonomous republic)
- President - Ubbiniyaz Ashirbekov, President of Karakalpakstan (1992-1997)
- Prime Minister - Rejepbay Yuldashev, Prime Minister of Karakalpakstan (1992-1995)
- Vietnam -
- Communist Party Leader - Đỗ Mười, General Secretary of the Communist Party of Vietnam (1991-1997)
- President - Lê Đức Anh, President of Vietnam (1992-1997)
- Prime Minister - Võ Văn Kiệt, Prime Minister of Vietnam (1991-1997)
[edit] Australia and Oceania
- American Samoa (unorganized, unincorporated territory of the United States)
- Australia -
- Monarch - Elizabeth II, Queen of Australia (1952-present)
- Governor-General - Bill Hayden, Governor-General of Australia (1989-1996)
- Prime Minister - Paul Keating, Prime Minister of Australia (1991-1996)
- Norfolk Island (self-governing territory of Australia)
- Administrator - Alan Gardner Kerr, Administrator of Norfolk Island (1992-1997)
- Head of Government - John Terence Brown, Head of Government of Norfolk Island (1992-1994)
- Fiji -
- President -
- Prime Minister - Sitiveni Rabuka, Prime Minister of Fiji (1992-1999)
- French Polynesia (French overseas territory)
- High Commissioner - Michel Jau, High Commissioner of the Republic in French Polynesia (1992-1994)
- President of the Government - Gaston Flosse, President of the Government of French Polynesia (1991–2004)
- Guam (Insular area of the United States)
- Governor - Joseph Franklin Ada, Governor of Guam (1987-1995)
- Kiribati -
- President - Teatao Teannaki, President of Kiribati (1991–1994)
- Marshall Islands -
- President - Amata Kabua, President of the Marshall Islands (1979–1996)[9]
- Federated States of Micronesia -
- President - Bailey Olter, President of the Federated States of Micronesia (1991–1997)
- Nauru -
- President - Bernard Dowiyogo, President of Nauru (1989-1995)
- New Caledonia (French overseas territory)
- High Commissioner - Alain Christnacht, High Commissioner of New Caledonia (1991-1994)
- New Zealand -
- Monarch - Elizabeth II, Queen of New Zealand (1952-present)
- Governor-General - Dame Catherine Tizard, Governor-General of New Zealand (1990-1996)
- Prime Minister - Jim Bolger, Prime Minister of New Zealand, (1990-1997)
- Cook Islands (Associated state of New Zealand)
- High Commissioner[10] - Tim Caughley, High Commissioner of the Cook Islands (1990-1994)
- Queen's Representative - Apenera Short, Queen's Representative (1990-2000)
- Prime Minister - Geoffrey Henry, Prime Minister of the Cook Islands (1989-1999)
- Niue (associated state of New Zealand)
- High Commissioner - Kurt Meyer, High Commissioner of Niue (1991-1994)
- Prime Minister -
- Tokelau (territory of New Zealand)
- Administrator -
- Head of Government -
- Northern Mariana Islands (Commonwealth of the U.S.)
- Palau (United Nations Trust Territory administered by the USA)
- President -
- Papua New Guinea
- Monarch - Elizabeth II, Queen of Papua New Guinea (1975–present)
- Governor-General - Sir Wiwa Korowi, Governor-General of Papua New Guinea (1991-1997)
- Prime Minister - Paias Wingti, Prime Minister of Papua New Guinea (1992-1994)
- Pitcairn Islands (British dependent territory)
- Governor - David Moss, Governor of the Pitcairn Islands (1990-1994)
- Mayor - Jay Warren, Magistrate of the Pitcairn Islands (1991-1999)
- Solomon Islands -
- Monarch - Elizabeth II, Queen of the Solomon Islands (1978–present)
- Governor-General - Sir George Lepping, Governor-General of the Solomon Islands (1988–1994)
- Prime Minister -
- Tonga -
- Monarch - Taufa'ahau Tupou IV, King of Tonga (1965–2006)[11]
- Prime Minister - Baron Vaea of Houma, Prime Minister of Tonga (1991–2000)
- Tuvalu -
- Monarch - Elizabeth II, Queen of Tuvalu (1978-present)
- Governor-General -
- Prime Minister -
- Vanuatu -
- President - Frederick Karlomuana Timakata, President of Vanuatu (1989–1994)
- Prime Minister - Maxime Carlot Korman, Prime Minister of Vanuatu (1991–1995)
- Wallis and Futuna (French overseas territory)
- Administrator-Superior -
- President of the Territorial Assembly - Soane Mani Uhila, President of the Territorial Assembly of Wallis and Futuna (1992-1994)
- Western Samoa
- Head of State - Malietoa Tanumafili II, O le Ao o le Malo of Western Samoa (1962–2007)
- Prime Minister - Tofilau Eti Alesana, Prime Minister of Western Samoa (1988-1998)
[edit] Europe
- Albania -
- President - Sali Berisha, President of Albania (1992-1997)
- Prime Minister - Aleksander Meksi, Prime Minister of Albania (1992-1997)
- Andorra -
- Co-Princes -
- French Co-Prince - François Mitterrand, French Co-Prince of Andorra (1981-1995)
- Personal representative -
- Episcopal Co-Prince - Joan Martí Alanis, Episcopal Co-Prince of Andorra (1971-2003)
- Personal representative -
- Francesc Badia (1972-1993)
- Nemesi Marquès Oste (1993-present)
- Personal representative -
- French Co-Prince - François Mitterrand, French Co-Prince of Andorra (1981-1995)
- Head of the Government - Òscar Ribas Reig, Head of Government of Andorra (1990-1994)
- General Syndic - Jordi Farràs Forné, General Syndic of Andorra (1992–1994)
- Co-Princes -
- Armenia -
- President - Levon Ter-Petrossian, President of Armenia (1990–1998)[12]
- Prime Minister -
- Austria -
- President - Thomas Klestil, President of Austria (1992–2004)
- Chancellor - Franz Vranitzky, Chancellor of Austria (1986–1997)
- Azerbaijan -
- President -
- Prime Minister -
- Nakhichevan (autonomous republic)
- Chairman of the Parliament -
- Chairman of the Council of Ministers -
- Nagorno-Karabakh (unrecognized, secessionist state)
- Chairman of the Parliament -
- Prime Minister - Robert Kocharyan, Prime Minister of Nagorno-Karabakh (1992-1994)
- Belarus -
- President - Stanislav Shushkevich, Chairmen of Supreme Soviet of Republic of Belarus (1991–1994)
- Prime Minister - Vyacheslav Kebich, Chairman of the Council of Ministers of Belarus (1990-1994)[13]
- Belgium -
- Monarch -
- Prime Minister - Jean-Luc Dehaene, Prime Minister of Belgium (1992-1999)
- Bosnia and Herzegovina -
- Chairman of the Presidency - Alija Izetbegović, Chairman of the State Presidency (1990-1996)[14]
- Prime Minister -
- Republika Srpska (constituent entity)
- President - Radovan Karadžić, President of the Republika Srpska (1992-1996)
- Prime minister -
- Bulgaria -
- President - Zhelyu Zhelev, President of Bulgaria (1990-1997)
- Prime Minister - Lyuben Berov, Prime Minister of Bulgaria (1992-1994)
- Croatia -
- President - Franjo Tuđman, President of Croatia (1990-1999)[15]
- Prime Minister -
- Cyprus -
- President -
- Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus (unrecognized, secessionist state)
- President - Rauf Denktaş, President of the Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus (1975-2005)
- Prime Minister - Derviş Eroğlu, Prime Minister of the Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus (1985-1994)
- Czech Republic -
- gained independence on 1 January 1993
- President -
- Prime Minister - Václav Klaus, Prime Minister of the Czech Republic (1992–1997)[16]
- Denmark -
- Monarch - Margrethe II, Queen of Denmark (1972-present)
- Prime Minister -
- Faroe Islands (autonomous region of the Kingdom of Denmark)
- High Commissioner - Bent Klinte (1988-1995)
- Prime Minister -
- Greenland (autonomous region of the Kingdom of Denmark)
- High Commissioner - Steen Spore (1992-1995)
- Prime Minister - Lars Emil Johansen, Prime Minister of Greenland (1991-1997)
- Estonia -
- President - Lennart Meri, President of Estonia (1992-2001)
- Prime Minister - Mart Laar, Prime Minister of Estonia (1992-1994)
- Finland -
- President - Mauno Koivisto, President of Finland, (1982-1994)
- Prime Minister - Esko Aho, Prime Minister of Finland, (1991-1995)
- Åland (autonomous province)
- Governor - Henrik Gustavsson, Governor of Åland (1982-1999)
- Premier - Ragnar Erlandsson, Premier of Åland (1991-1995)
- France -
- President - François Mitterrand, President of France (1981-1995)
- Prime Minister -
- Georgia -
- President - Eduard Shevardnadze, President of Georgia (1992–2003)
- Prime Minister -
- Adjara (autonomous republic)
- Chairman of the Supreme Council - Aslan Abashidze, Chairman of the Supreme Council of the Autonomous Republic of Ajaria (1991-2004)
- Abkhazia (unrecognized secessionist state)
- Chairman of Parliament - Vladislav Ardzinba, Chairman of parliament (1990–2005)[17]
- Prime Minister -
- South Ossetia (unrecognized secessionist state)
- Chairman of Parliament -
- Prime Minister -
- Germany -
- President - Richard von Weizsäcker, President of Germany (1984-1994)
- Chancellor - Helmut Kohl, Chancellor of Germany (1982-1998)
- Greece -
- President - Constantine Karamanlis, President of Greece (1990-1995)
- Prime Minister -
- Mount Athos (autonomous monastic state)
- Spiritual Leader - Bartholomew I, Ecumenical Patriarch of Constantinople (1991–present)
- Hungary -
- President - Árpád Göncz, President of Hungary (1990-2000)
- Prime Minister -
- Iceland -
- President - Vigdís Finnbogadóttir, President of Iceland (1980-1996)
- Prime Minister - Davíð Oddsson, Prime Minister of Iceland (1991-2004)
- Ireland -
- President - Mary Robinson, President of Ireland (1990-1997)
- Prime Minister - Albert Reynolds, Taoiseach of Ireland (1992-1994)
- Italy -
- President - Oscar Luigi Scalfaro, President of Italy (1992-1999)
- Prime Minister -
- Latvia -
- President -
- Prime Minister -
- Liechtenstein -
- Monarch - Hans-Adam II, Prince of Liechtenstein (1989-present)
- Head of Government -
- Lithuania -
- President - Algirdas Brazauskas, President of Lithuania (1992-1998)
- Prime Minister -
- Luxembourg -
- Monarch - Jean, Grand Duke of Luxembourg (1964-2000)
- Prime Minister - Jacques Santer, Prime Minister of Luxembourg (1984-1995)
- Macedonia -
- President - Kiro Gligorov, President of Macedonia (1991-1999)
- Prime Minister - Branko Crvenkovski, Prime Minister of Macedonia (1992–1998)
- Malta -
- President - Ċensu Tabone, President of Malta (1989-1994)
- Prime Minister - Eddie Fenech Adami, Prime Minister of Malta (1987-1996)
- Moldova -
- President - Mircea Snegur, President of Moldova (1989-1997)[20]
- Prime Minister - Andrei Sangheli, Prime Minister of Moldova (1992–1997)
- Gagauzia (unrecognized secessionist state)
- President - Stepan Topal, President of Gagauzia (1990-1995)
- Transnistria (unrecognized secessionist state)
- President - Igor Smirnov, President of Transnistria (1990–present)
- Monaco -
- Monarch - Rainier III, Prince of Monaco (1949-2005)
- Head of Government - Jaques Dupont, Minister of State of Monaco (1991-1994)
- The Netherlands -
- Monarch - Beatrix, Queen of the Netherlands (1980-present)
- Prime Minister - Ruud Lubbers, Prime Minister of the Netherlands (1982-1994)
- Norway -
- Monarch - Harald V, King of Norway (1991-present)
- Prime Minister - Gro Harlem Brundtland, Prime Minister of Norway (1990-1996)
- Poland -
- President - Lech Wałęsa, President of Poland (1990-1995)
- Prime Minister -
- Portugal -
- President - Mário Soares, President of Portugal (1986-1996)
- Prime Minister - Aníbal Cavaco Silva, Prime Minister of Portugal (1985-1995)
- Azores (autonomous region)
- President of the Government - João Bosco Soares Mota Amaral, President of the Autonomous Regional Government of the Azores (1976-1995)
- Madeira (autonomous region)
- President of the Government - Alberto João Jardim, President of the Regional Government of Madeira (1978–present)
- Romania -
- President - Ion Iliescu, President of Romania (1989-1996)
- Prime Minister - Nicolae Văcăroiu, Prime Minister of Romania (1992–1996)
- Russia -
- President - Boris Yeltsin, President of Russia (1991-1999)[21]
- Prime Minister - Viktor Chernomyrdin, Chairman of the Government of Russia (1992-1998)
- San Marino -
- Captains Regent -
- Slovakia -
- gained independence on 1 January 1993
- President -
- Prime Minister - Vladimír Mečiar, Prime Minister of Slovakia (1992-1994)[22]
- Slovenia -
- President - Milan Kučan, President of Slovenia (1990-2002)[23]
- Prime Minister - Janez Drnovšek, Prime Minister of Slovenia (1992-2000)
- Spain -
- Monarch - Juan Carlos I, King of Spain (1975–present)
- Prime Minister - Felipe González, President of the Government of Spain (1982–1996)
- Sweden -
- Monarch - Carl XVI Gustaf, King of Sweden (1973-present)
- Prime Minister - Carl Bildt, Prime Minister of Sweden (1991-1994)
- Switzerland -
- Turkey -
- President -
- Prime Minister -
- Ukraine -
- President - Leonid Kravchuk, President of Ukraine (1990-1994)[24]
- Prime Minister -
- Crimea (autonomous republic)
- Chairman of the Parliament - Mykola Bahrov, Chairman of the Parliament of the Crimean Republic (1991-1994)
- Prime Minister -
- United Kingdom -
- Monarch - Elizabeth II, Queen of the United Kingdom (1952-present)
- Prime Minister - John Major, Prime Minister of the United Kingdom (1990-1997)
- Guernsey (British Crown dependency)
- Monarch - Elizabeth II, Duke of Normandy (1952–present)
- Lieutenant-Governor - Sir Michael Wilkins, Lieutenant-Governor of Guernsey (1990–1994)
- Bailiff - Sir Graham Dorey, Bailiff of Guernsey (1992-1999)
- Alderney (self-governing island)
- Head of Government - Jon Kay-Mouat, President of the States of Alderney (1977-1994)
- Sark (self-governing island)
- Seigneur - John Michael Beaumont, Seigneur of Sark (1974–present)
- Jersey (British Crown dependency)
- Monarch - Elizabeth II, Duke of Normandy (1952–present)
- Lieutenant-Governor - Sir John Sutton, Lieutenant-Governor of Jersey (1990-1995)
- Bailiff - Sir Peter Crill, Bailiff of Jersey (1986-1995)
- Isle of Man (British Crown dependency)
- Monarch - Elizabeth II, Lord of Mann (1952–present)
- Lieutenant-Governor - Sir Laurence Jones, Lieutenant-Governor of Man (1990-1995)
- Chief minister - Miles Walker, Chief Minister of the Isle of Man (1986-1996)
- Gibraltar (British dependent territory)
- Governor -
- Chief Minister - Joe Bossano, Chief Minister of Gibraltar (1988-1996)
- Vatican City -
- Pope - John Paul II, Sovereign of the State of the Vatican City (1978-2005)
- Secretary of State - Angelo Sodano, Cardinal Secretary of State (1990-2006)
- President - Rosalio José Castillo Lara, President of the Governorate of Vatican City State (1990-1997)
- Yugoslavia -
- President -
- Prime Minister -
- Serbia (constituent republic)
- President - Slobodan Milošević, President of Serbia (1989-1997)
- Prime Minister -
- Republic of Kosova (unrecognized secessionist state)
- President - Ibrahim Rugova, President of the Republic of Kosova (1992-2000)
- Prime Minister - Bujar Bukoshi, Prime Minister of the Republic of Kosova (1991-2000)
- Montenegro (constituent republic)
- President - Momir Bulatović, President of Montenegro (1990-1998)
- Prime Minister - Milo Đukanović, Prime Minister of Montenegro (1991-1998)
[edit] Middle East
- Bahrain -
- Monarch - Isa ibn Salman Al Khalifah, Emir of Bahrain (1961–1999)[25]
- Prime Minister - Khalifah ibn Sulman Al Khalifah, Prime Minister of Bahrain (1970–present)[26]
- Egypt -
- President - Hosni Mubarak, President of Egypt (1981–present)
- Prime Minister - Atef Sedki, Prime Minister of Egypt (1986-1996)
- Iran -
- Supreme Leader - Ali Khamenei, Supreme Leader of Iran (1989–present)
- President - Akbar Hashemi Rafsanjani, President of Iran (1989-1997)
- Iraq -
- President - Saddam Hussein, President of Iraq (1979-2003)
- Prime Minister -
- Israel -
- President -
- Prime Minister - Yitzhak Rabin, Prime Minister of Israel (1992-1995)
- Jordan -
- Monarch - Hussein, King of Jordan (1952-1999)
- Prime Minister -
- Kuwait -
- Monarch - Jaber Al-Ahmad Al-Jaber Al-Sabah, Emir of Kuwait (1977-2006)
- Prime Minister - Saad Al-Abdullah Al-Salim Al-Sabah, Prime Minister of Kuwait (1978-2003)
- Lebanon -
- President - Elias Hrawi, President of Lebanon (1989–1998)
- Prime Minister - Rafik Hariri, Prime Minister of Lebanon (1992-1998)
- Oman -
- Monarch - Qaboos Bin Said, Sultan of Oman (1970–present)
- Prime Minister - Qaboos Bin Said, Prime Minister of Oman (1972–present)
- Qatar -
- Monarch - Khalifa bin Hamad Al Thani, Emir of Qatar (1972–1995)
- Prime Minister - Khalifa bin Hamad Al Thani, Prime Minister of Qatar (1970–1995)[27]
- Saudi Arabia
- Monarch - Fahd, King of Saudi Arabia (1982-2005)
- Prime Minister - Fahd, Prime Minister of Saudi Arabia (1982-2005)
- Syria -
- President - Hafez al-Assad, President of Syria (1971-2000)
- Prime Minister - Mahmoud Zuabi, Prime Minister of Syria (1987-2000)
- United Arab Emirates -
- President - Zayed bin Sultan Al Nahyan, President of the United Arab Emirates (1971-2004)
- Prime Minister - Maktoum bin Rashid Al Maktoum, Prime Minister of the United Arab Emirates (1990-2006)
- Yemen -
- President - Ali Abdullah Saleh, President of Yemen (1990–present)[28]
- Prime Minister - Haidar Abu Bakr al-Attas, Prime Minister of Yemen (1990-1994)
[edit] North America
- Anguilla (British dependent territory)
- Governor - Alan Shave, Governor of Anguilla (1992-1995)
- Chief Minister - Emile Gumbs, Chief Minister of Anguilla (1984-1994)
- Antigua and Barbuda -
- Monarch - Elizabeth II, Queen of Antigua and Barbuda (1981–present)
- Governor-General -
- Prime Minister - Vere Bird, Prime Minister of Antigua and Barbuda (1976–1994)[30]
- Aruba (constituent country of the Kingdom of the Netherlands)
- Governor - Olindo Koolman, Governor of Aruba (1992–2004)
- Prime Minister - Nelson Oduber, Prime Minister of Aruba (1989–1994)
- The Bahamas -
- Monarch - Elizabeth II, Queen of the Bahamas (1973–present)
- Governor-General - Sir Clifford Darling, Governor-General of the Bahamas (1992–1995)
- Prime Minister - Hubert Ingraham, Prime Minister of the Bahamas (1992–2002)
- Barbados -
- Monarch - Elizabeth II, Queen of Barbados (1966–present)
- Governor-General - Dame Nita Barrow, Governor-General of Barbados (1990–1995)
- Prime Minister - Lloyd Erskine Sandiford, Prime Minister of Barbados (1987–1994)
- Belize -
- Monarch - Elizabeth II, Queen of Belize (1981–present)
- Governor-General -
- Prime Minister -
- Bermuda (British dependent territory)
- Governor - David Waddington, Baron Waddington, Governor of Bermuda (1992-1997)
- Premier - Sir John Swan, Premier of Bermuda (1982-1995)
- British Virgin Islands (British dependent territory)
- Governor - Peter Alfred Penfold, Governor of the British Virgin Islands (1991-1995)
- Premier - Lavity Stoutt, Chief Minister of the British Virgin Islands (1986-1995)
- Canada -
- Monarch - Elizabeth II, Queen of Canada (1952-present)
- Governor-General - Ray Hnatyshyn, Governor-General of Canada (1989-1995)
- Prime Minister -
- Cayman Islands (British dependent territory)
- Governor - Michael Edward John Gore, Governor of the Cayman Islands (1992-1995)
- Head of Government - Thomas Jefferson, Leader of Government Business of the Cayman Islands (1992-1994)
- Costa Rica -
- President - Rafael Ángel Calderón Fournier, President of Costa Rica (1990–1994)
- Cuba
- Communist Party Leader - Fidel Castro, First secretary of the Communist Party of Cuba (1965-present)
- President - Fidel Castro, President of the Council of State of Cuba (1976–2008)
- Premier - Fidel Castro, President of the Council of Ministers of Cuba (1959–2008)
- Dominica -
- President -
- Prime Minister - Dame Eugenia Charles, Prime Minister of Dominica (1980–1995)
- Dominican Republic -
- President - Joaquín Balaguer, President of the Dominican Republic (1986–1996)
- El Salvador -
- President - Alfredo Cristiani, President of El Salvador (1989-1994)
- Grenada -
- Monarch - Elizabeth II, Queen of Grenada (1974–present)
- Governor-General - Sir Reginald Palmer, Governor-General of Grenada (1992–1996)
- Prime Minister - Nicholas Brathwaite, Prime Minister of Grenada (1990–1995)
- Guatemala -
- Haiti -
- President -
- Prime Minister -
- Honduras -
- President - Rafael Leonardo Callejas Romero, President of Honduras (1990-1994)
- Jamaica -
- Monarch - Elizabeth II, Queen of Jamaica (1962–present)
- Governor-General - Sir Howard Cooke, Governor-General of Jamaica (1991-2006)
- Prime Minister - P. J. Patterson, Prime Minister of Jamaica (1992-2006)
- Mexico -
- President - Carlos Salinas de Gortari, President of Mexico (1988-1994)
- Montserrat (British dependent territory)
- Governor -
- Chief Minister - Reuben Meade, Chief Minister of Montserrat (1991-1996)
- Netherlands Antilles (constituent country of the Kingdom of the Netherlands)
- Governor - Jaime Saleh, Governor of the Netherlands Antilles (1990-2002)
- Prime Minister -
- Nicaragua -
- President - Violeta Chamorro, President of Nicaragua (1990-1997)
- Panama -
- President - Guillermo Endara, President of Panama (1989-1994)
- Saint Kitts and Nevis -
- Monarch - Elizabeth II, Queen of Saint Kitts and Nevis (1983–present)
- Governor-General - Sir Clement Arrindell, Governor-General of Saint Kitts and Nevis (1981–1995)[31]
- Prime Minister - Kennedy Simmonds, Prime Minister of Saint Kitts and Nevis (1980–1995)[32]
- Nevis (autonomous island)
- Deputy Governor-General - Eustace John, Deputy Governor-General of Saint Kitts and Nevis (1992–present)
- Premier - Vance Amory, Premier of Nevis (1992–2006)
- Saint Lucia -
- Monarch - Elizabeth II, Queen of Saint Lucia (1979–present)
- Governor-General - Sir Stanislaus A. James, Governor-General of Saint Lucia (1988–1996)
- Prime Minister - John Compton, Prime Minister of Saint Lucia (1982-1996)
- Saint Pierre and Miquelon (Territorial collectivity of France)
- Prefect - Yves Henry, Prefect of Saint Pierre and Miquelon (1992-1994)
- President of the General Council - Marc Plantegenest, President of the General Council (1984-1994)
- Saint Vincent and the Grenadines -
- Monarch - Elizabeth II, Queen of Saint Vincent and the Grenadines (1979–present)
- Governor-General - Sir David Jack, Governor-General of Saint Vincent and the Grenadines (1989-1996)
- Prime Minister - James Fitz-Allen Mitchell, Prime Minister of Saint Vincent and the Grenadines (1984-2000)
- Trinidad and Tobago -
- President - Noor Hassanali, President of Trinidad and Tobago (1987-1997)
- Prime Minister - Patrick Manning, Prime Minister of Trinidad and Tobago (1991-1995)
- Tobago (autonomous island)
- Chairman - Lennox Denoon, Chairman of the House of Assembly of Tobago (1989-1996)
- Turks and Caicos Islands (British dependent territory)
- United States of America
- President -
- Puerto Rico (Commonwealth of the United States)
- United States Virgin Islands (Insular area of the United States)
- Governor - Alexander A. Farrelly, Governor of US Virgin Islands (1987-1995)
[edit] South America
- Argentina -
- President - Carlos Menem, President of Argentina (1989-1999)
- Bolivia -
- President -
- Brazil -
- President - Itamar Franco, President of Brazil (1992-1995)
- Chile -
- President - Patricio Aylwin, President of Chile (1990-1994)
- Colombia -
- President - César Gaviria, President of Colombia (1990-1994)
- Ecuador -
- President - Sixto Durán Ballén, President of Ecuador (1992-1996)
- Falkland Islands (British dependent territory)
- Governor - David Tatham, Governor of the Falkland Islands (1992-1996)
- Guyana -
- President - Cheddi Jagan, President of Guyana (1992-1997)
- Prime Minister - Sam Hinds, Prime Minister of Guyana (1992-1997)
- Paraguay -
- President -
- Peru -
- President - Alberto Fujimori, President of Peru (1990-2000)
- Prime Minister -
- Suriname -
- President - Ronald Venetiaan, President of Suriname (1991-1996)
- Uruguay -
- President - Luis Alberto Lacalle, President of Uruguay (1990-1995)
- Venezuela -
[edit] References
- ^ Titled Secretary-general of the Provisional Government until independence on 24 May 1993.
- ^ Eritrea only became independent in 1993.
- ^ Brunei only became independent in 1984.
- ^ Kazakhstan only became independent in 1991.
- ^ The position of the Chairman was only declared to be the "highest office of state" by the constitution that came into effect on September 5, 1998.
- ^ Kyrgyzstan only became independent in 1991.
- ^ Turkmenistan only became independent in 1991.
- ^ Uzbekistan only became independent in 1991.
- ^ The Marshall Islands only became independent in 1986.
- ^ Titled New Zealand Representative until 1993.
- ^ Tonga only became independent in 1970.
- ^ Armenia only became independent in 1991.
- ^ Belarus only became independent in 1991.
- ^ Bosnia and Herzegovina only declared independence in 1992.
- ^ Croatia only became independent in 1991.
- ^ The Czech Republic only became independent in 1993.
- ^ Abkhazia only declared independence on 23 July 1992, which was recognized by Russia and Nicaragua in 2008.
- ^ Latvia only became independent in 1991.
- ^ Latvia only became independent in 1991.
- ^ Moldova only became independent in 1991.
- ^ Russia only became independent in 1991.
- ^ Slovakia only became independent in 1993.
- ^ Slovenia only became independent in 1991.
- ^ Ukraine only became independent in 1991.
- ^ Bahrain only became independent in 1971.
- ^ Bahrain only became independent in 1971.
- ^ Qatar only became independent in 1971.
- ^ Previously president of North Yemen from 1978 to 1990.
- ^ Antigua and Barbuda became independent in 1981, until then Sir Wilfred Jacobs was titled Governor of Antigua and Barbuda.
- ^ Antigua and Barbuda only became independent in 1981.
- ^ Saint Kitts and Nevis only became independent in 1983, until then Sir Clement Arrindell was titled Governor of Saint Christopher and Nevis.
- ^ Saint Kitts and Nevis only became independent in 1983.

