National dish
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A national dish is a dish, food or a drink that represents a particular country, nation or region. It is usually something that is naturally made or popular in that country.
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[edit] Overview
The concept is highly informal, and in some cases the relationship between a given territory or people and certain typical foods may seem vague. Typical dishes can vary from region to region, and the use of the term "national dish" does not always imply the existence of present borders or a "nation" in today’s legal sense or borders; e.g. rösti is the national dish in German-speaking Switzerland and fondue is in French-speaking Switzerland, although the political integrity of the Swiss state is undisputed.
Similarly, countries can share a national dish, because they share a common history and/or language, e.g. traditional food in Austria, the German state of Bavaria, Hungary and the Czech Republic is similar. In several Slavic cuisines in Central and East European countries bigos, borscht, and pierogi are popular and generally associated with one or more of them. Beverages can also be assigned the status of a national "dish", such as beer in Germany, Belgium or the Czech Republic, wine in France, Italy, Portugal or Spain, vodka in Poland, Finland, Russia or flavoured vodka, Akvavit in Sweden. In Poland beer is also popular as a social beverage choice.
National dishes also function as stereotypes. These can be either autostereotypes, describing a nation's self-image, or heterostereotypes associated with a nation in the outside world, or both. While most "national dish" stereotypes are positive to neutral, they can also acquire the status of ethnic slurs.
The French are said to have a particular taste for frog legs, although the dish is not actually very common in that country. The epithet may refer to the supposed origin of the fleur-de-lys in French heraldry as modified from toads; or to the inaccurate French origins in Frisia, where lily pads are a national symbol.
In some cases, supposed national dishes are similar to urban legends, especially when relating to countries that are exotic from the perspective of another country; for example, the popularity of fried spiders in Cambodia and dogs in Korea is largely overestimated in the West. Urban legend-like national dishes can also turn into a self-fulfilling prophecy, as demonstrated by the example of the Scottish deep-fried Mars bar, which is believed to have become at least moderately popular after English media circulated the story of its existence.
Some national dishes in alphabetical order by country:
[edit] Country-Dish/Food
[edit] A-C
Afghanistan - Qabili palau
Albania - Tavë kosi, Byrek Shqipëtar me perime[1]
Algeria - Couscous
Andorra - Escudella[2]
Angola - Muamba de Galinha
Antigua and Barbuda - Fungee & Pepperpot
Argentina - Asado, Empanada, Milanesa, dulce de leche, locro.
Armenia - Harissa, Lavash
Australia - Meat pie
Austria - Tafelspitz[3], Sachertorte, Wiener Schnitzel (Vienna), Apfelstrudel
Azerbaijan - Yarpag dolmasi, Plov
Bahamas - Crack Conch with Peas and Rice[4]
Bahrain - Muhammar
Bangladesh - Fish and Rice, Biryani
Barbados - Cou-Cou and Flying fish
Belarus - Latkes
Belgium - Pommes frites, Moules Bruxellois (Brussels)
Belize - Belizean rice and beans with fish stew
Benin - Kuli-Kuli[5]
Bhutan - Ema datsi
Bolivia - Salteñas
Bosnia and Herzegovina - Burek, Cevapi, Bosanski Lonac, Sogan-dolma
Botswana - Seswaai
Brazil - Feijoada, rice and beans, churrasco, brigadeiro
British Virgin Islands - Fish and fungee
Brunei - Ambuyat
Bulgaria - Sarma, Shopska salad, Karvarma
Burkina Faso - Riz Gras
Burundi - Mealie-Meal Porridge
Cambodia - Amok trey, Samlor kako[6]
Cameroon - Kondre, Ndolé[7]
Canada - Poutine - (Province of Quebec), Pancakes with maple syrup, Beaver tail (pastry), Butter Tarts, Nanaimo Bar, Kraft Dinner,Salt cod - (Province of Newfoundland and Labrador)
Cape Verde - Cachupa
Central African Republic - Cassava
Chad - Peanut and squash stew
Chile - Asado, cazuela, empanadas, Pastel de choclo, porotos granados
China - The staple diets in Northern China are: mantou, bing (Chinese flatbread) and wheat noodles; as for the South: rice, rice noodles and rice congee.
- By Municipality, Province or Region:
- Beijing - Peking duck, hot pot
- Fujian - Fotiaoqiang, popiah
- Guangdong - Dim sum, slow cooked soup, siu mei, century egg
- Shanghai - Xiaolongbao, shengjian mantou, red-cooked stews, Shanghai hairy crab
- Sichuan - Mapo doufu, Kung Pao chicken, Twice Cooked Pork, málà hotpot
- Tibet - Momo dumplings
Hong Kong - egg tart, dim sum, roast goose, wonton noodle soup [2], pineapple bun [3]
Macau - Galinha à Portuguesa, baked pork chop bun, Portuguese-style egg-tart, almond biscuit
- By Municipality, Province or Region:
Colombia - Bandeja paisa, sancocho
- By Department:
- Santander - Hormigas Culonas (Atta laevigata)
- Cundinamarca - Ajiaco
- By Department:
Democratic Republic of the Congo - Mwambe (Moambe)
Republic of the Congo - Moambe, Yassa
Costa Rica - Gallo Pinto, Casado
Côte d'Ivoire - Maquis
Croatia - Sir, Brudet (in Dalmatia), turkey with mlinci (in Continental Crotia)
Cuba - Platillo Moros y Cristianos, Ajiaco
Cyprus - Souvla, Halloumi, Sheftalia, Fasolada
Czech Republic - Svickova
[edit] D-G
Denmark – Pork Roast, Frikadeller, Smørrebrød, Pølser
Djibouti - Skoudehkaris
Dominica - Mountain chicken
Dominican Republic - White rice topped with stewed red kidney beans, pan fried or braised beef, and side dish of green salad and/or tostones. The ensemble is usually called bandera nacional, which means "national flag", a term equivalent to the Venezuelan pabellón criollo.
Ecuador - Encebollado, Ceviche
Egypt - Kushari, Ful medames, Mulukhiyya
El Salvador - Pupusa
Equatorial Guinea - Succotash
Eritrea - Zigini
Estonia - Verivorst
Ethiopia – doro wat (chicken stew) , injera, Gored gored
Fiji – Lovo, Yaqona
Finland - hernekeitto (Finnish green pea soup), poronkäristys (sauteed reindeer), Karjalanpaisti, Karelian hot pot
France - Baguette (particularly Paris), cheese, crepes (particularly Brittany), pot-au-feu, foie gras (declared part of the French cultural heritage by legislation in 2005)[8]
Gabon - Nyembwe
Gambia - Domoda
Georgia - khinkali, khachapuri, Satsivi, Mtsvadi
Germany - beer, Bratwurst, Sauerkraut, Sauerbraten, pea soup with large Frankfurter sausage, potato salad, Spätzle, Klöße, Currywurst, Dampfnudel, (German) Brezel, Schwarzwälder Kirschtorte, Maultaschen.
Ghana - Fufu
Gibraltar - Calentita
Greece - fasolada, feta cheese, moussaka
Grenada - Oil-Down
Guatemala - Tamal, chuchitos
Guinea - Poulet Yassa
Guinea-Bissau - Jollof Rice
Guyana - Guyana Pepperpot
[edit] H-M
Haiti - Griot (Fried pork) served with Du riz a pois or Diri ak Pwa (Rice and beans)
Honduras - Plato Típico
Hungary – Goulash. Paprikash and Tokaji
Iceland - Þorramatur (including hákarl)
India - See Cuisine of India
Indonesia - Satay, Soto, Tempe, Nasi goreng, Mie goreng, Bakso, Sambal, Ketupat, Rujak, Krupuk, Pisang goreng
- By Ethnicity or Region:
Iran - Chelow kabab, Qormeh sabzi
Iraq - Masgouf
Ireland – Irish Stew, soda bread, Coddle
- By region
- Co. Galway - Stout and raw oysters;
- Co. Cork - Smoked Salmon on pumpernickel bread
- Co. Dublin - Dublin Bay Prawns
- By region
Isle of Man - kipper
Israel - felafel, Israeli salad
Italy - pasta, pizza, minestrone, ciabatta, polenta (northern Italy)
- By Region
- Campania - pizza alla napoletana (Naples)
- Emilia-Romagna - tortellini, ragù, mortadella, lasagne, Parmigiano Reggiano
- Piedmont - agnolotti, grissini, Gianduiotto
- Lazio - porchetta, Stracciatella, Gnocchi di semolino alla romana
- Lombardy - risotto alla milanese (Milan), panettone, ossobuco alla milanese
- Sardinia - Sa fregula (couscous), pane carasau
- Sicily - arancini, caponata, ricotta
- Tuscany - bistecca alla fiorentina (Florence), ribollita
- Veneto - scampi, risi e bisi
- By Region
Jamaica - ackee and saltfish, callaloo
Japan - sushi, sashimi, ramen, donburi, Japanese curry
- By Prefecture
- Fukuoka Prefecture - Hakata Ramen (pork-based broth);
- Toyama Prefecture - Masuzushi (salmon pressed on rice cake);
- Aichi Prefecture - Miso no komi (Udon in miso fish broth);
- By Prefecture
Jersey – Jersey Royal potatoes
Jordan - Mansaf
Kazakhstan - Besh barmak
Kenya - Ugali
Korea - Kimchi, bulgogi, galbi, bibimbap, samgyetang, jeon
Kuwait - Majboos
Kyrgyzstan - laghman
Laos - larb
Latvia - Pīrags
Lebanon - Kibbe, Tabbouleh
Libya - Usban
Lithuania - Cepelinai, Kugelis
Malaysia - nasi lemak, roti canai, char kway teow, satay
- By State
Maldives - Garudhiya
Mauritius - octopus curry
Mexico - pozole, tacos, mole poblano de guajolote, Chiles en Nogada, barbacoa, tamales
Moldova - Mămăligă
Mongolia - buuz
Morocco - Couscous, Pastilla, Harira, Tajine
Myanmar - mohinga, lahpet
[edit] N-T
Nepal - dahl baht
New Zealand – pavlova, hāngi
Netherlands - stamppot, hutspot
New Caledonia - Bougna
Nicaragua - Gallopinto
Nigeria - Jolof rice
Norway – lutefisk, fårikål
Pakistan - Nihari
Panama - Sancocho
Palestine - Musakhan
Paraguay - Sopa paraguaya
Peru - ceviche, quinoa, maize, locro
Philippines - adobo, lechon
Poland - bigos, barszcz, pierogi
Portugal - Bacalhau, Feijoada, Cozido à Portuguesa, Pastel de Nata
Puerto Rico - Arroz con gandules with roasted pork shoulder, arroz con pollo, Mofongo
Qatar - Harees
Republic of Macedonia - Gravče na Tavče
Romania - Mamaliga, Mititei, Cozonac, Fasole cu carnati
- By region:
Moldavia – Grape-leaf Sarmale, Fermented wheat bran Borscht
- By region:
Russia – Pelmeni; Blintzes; pierogies; Borscht; Poached Salmon; Caviar with sour cream and vodka.
Saint Kitts and Nevis - Coconut dumplings, Spicy plantain, saltfish, breadfruit
Saint Lucia - Green Bananas & Dried and salted cod
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines - Roasted Breadfruit & Fried Jackfish
Saudi Arabia - Kabsa
Senegal - Thieboudienne
Serbia - Đuveč, Sarma, Gibanica, Kaymak, Proya, Pljeskavica, Pasulj
Sierra Leone - Groundnut stew
Singapore - Hainanese chicken rice, curry laksa, chilli crab
Slovakia - Bryndzové halušky
Slovenia - ajdovi žganci, potica, Matevž
Somalia - laxoox, halwo, sambusa
South Africa - Bobotie
Spain - cocido, tapas, paella (particularly Valencia), chocolate con churros
Sri Lanka - Rice and curry
Sudan - Shahan ful
Sweden -Smörgåsbord, herring, Ostkaka, saffranspankaka, Köttbullar (meatballs), Pea soupwith pancakes
Switzerland – rösti, fondue
Syria - Tabbouleh
Taiwan - Suncake, Stinky tofu, Ba wan, Beef noodle soup
Tajikistan - Qurutob, Oshi palov
Tanzania - ugali
Thailand - Pad Thai, jasmine rice, som tam, tom yam
Trinidad and Tobago - Doubles, Roti
Tunisia - Brik, Couscous
Turkey - doner kebab, kebab, köfte, dolma, pilaf
[edit] U-Y
Turkmenistan - Ishlekly, plov
Ukraine - Salo,Borscht,pierogi
United Arab Emirates - Shawarma
United Kingdom - Roast beef with Yorkshire Pudding, Sunday Roast
- Countries within the UK:
United States - hamburger, hot dog, apple pie, donut, macaroni and cheese
- By region:
- By state: See List of U.S. state foods for more
Alaska - Akutaq
California - sourdough bread, hamburgers, Fish Tacos, San Francisco burrito.
Connecticut - apizza, shad, grinders.
Delaware - Mid-Atlantic Crab, Hush Puppies.
Florida - Key lime pie, Grouper
Georgia (U.S. state) - Grits, peaches, peanut
Hawaii - Lau lau, Spam, Poi, Kalua pig
Idaho - potatoes
Illinois - Chicago-style Deep Dish Pizza, Italian Beef, Chicago Hot Dogs.
Indiana - Fried Pork Tenderloin
Kansas - Barbecue
Kentucky - Kentucky Fried Chicken, Burgoo
Louisiana - Jambalaya, Gumbo, Crawfish, Po'boy.
Maine - lobster, lobster roll, New England Clam Chowder.
Maryland - Crab cakes
Massachusetts - Fluffernutter, Baked beans, bulkies, New England boiled dinner
Michigan - Coney Dog, Pasty, Cherries
Minnesota - Hotdish, Lutefisk
Missouri - Barbecue, Gooey butter cake, Provel cheese, Missouri wine (including Norton)
Montana - Bison, Elk, Huckleberries
New Hampshire - Maple Syrup
New Jersey - Blueberry muffins, Pork roll
New Mexico - Bizcochito, Burritos
New York
North Carolina - North Carolina barbecue
Ohio - Cincinnati chili, goetta
Pennsylvania - Scrapple
- Philadelphia - Philly cheesesteak, Hoagie
- Pittsburgh - German/Italian - inspired sandwiches topped with fries & cole slaw.
Rhode Island - Jonnycakes, Coffee Cabinets, a.k.a. Coffee Milk, Doughboys, Clam Cakes.
South Carolina - Grits
South Dakota - Fry bread
Tennessee - Memphis barbecue
Texas - Chili con Carne
Utah - Jello, Funeral Potatoes
Vermont - Corn chowder, Maple syrup
Virginia - Smithfield ham, peanut soup invented at Hotel Roanoke, Brunswick stew.
Washington - apples, Salmon
Wisconsin - Beer, bratwurst, frozen custard, fish fry, cheese curds
Uruguay - chivito, asado
Uzbekistan - Plov
Vanuatu - Laplap
Venezuela - pabellón criollo, hallaca, arepas
Vietnam - phở
Yemen - saltah, aseedah, Zigni, and others depending on region
[edit] Drink
- Argentina – Mate
- Bangladesh - Cha (sweet milk tea)
- Bulgaria – rakiya
- Brazil - coffee, Caipirinha, Cachaça, caldo de cana, guaraná
- Canada- Canadian whisky, Canadian beer - AKA "A Two-Four" (24 beer), Caesar (cocktail), Newfoundland Screech, Ice Wine
- Chile – pisco, chicha,
- China - Chinese tea
- Colombia - Tinto (coffee) - Aguadepanela - Aguardiente - Refajo
- Cyprus – zivania
- Czech Republic – beer - Becherovka
- Denmark – akvavit, bitters, lager beer
- Finland – coffee (bag variation, extremely acidic), vodka
- France – wine, champagne, cognac, armagnac
- Germany – beer, schnapps
- Greece – ouzo, Greek frappé
- Hungary - Tokaji, Unicum
- Iceland – brennivín
- India - Chai, Lassi
- Indonesia - Es cendol, Kolak, Bandrek, Teh botol
- Ireland – Irish Whiskey; Stout; Lager; Cider; Irish Breakfast tea.
- Israel - Sabra liqueur
- Italy – espresso, grappa, wine
- Jamaica - sorrel, ginger beer, rum.
- Japan – green tea, sake.
- Korea - soju, Korean tea
- Malaysia - teh tarik
- Mexico - tequila, chocolate, sotol, mezcal, pulque
- Netherlands – jenever, advocaat
- Nicaragua - Macuá
- Norway - Akvavit
- Peru - pisco, Inca Kola
- Pakistan - Lassi, tea
- Philippines - kapeng barako, lambanog, salabat, tubá, bahalina
- Poland - vodka, Beer
- Portugal - wine, port wine, bica (longer espresso)
- Puerto Rico - Coquito
- Romania - tuica
- Russia – kvas, tea, vodka
- Serbia - Šljivovica
- Slovakia - Borovicka, Slivovica
- Singapore - Singapore Sling
- South Africa - rooibos tea
- Spain - sangria, sherry, wine
- Sri Lanka - Arack
- Sweden - coffee, Aqvavit, Glögg
- Taiwan - Bubble tea
- Turkey – rakı, Turkish coffee, apple tea
- United Kingdom
- By Country:
- England – beer (ale), tea, cider (in the West Country), Vimto, gin, mead
- Scotland – single malt whisky, Scotch whisky, Drambuie, Irn-Bru
- Northern Ireland - Suckie, Harp
- Wales - Barley wine
- Jersey and Guernsey – Channel Island milk
- By Country:
- United States of America – Coffee, Cola, bourbon, Beer
- By State/ Region
- Maine - Moxie
- Washington- Washington apple shot, Red Hook Beer,
- By City
- By State/ Region
- Uruguay - Medio y Medio
- Venezuela - Papelón con limón, Chicha de arroz, Chicha andina
- Vietnam - Green tea (trà xanh or chè xanh)
[edit] References
- ^ [1]
- ^ http://www.everyculture.com/A-Bo/Andorra.html
- ^ Wienna cuisine
- ^ http://www.caribbeanamericanfoods.com/?page=island_dishes
- ^ http://www.culinaryartsblog.com/index.php/2006/03/17/national_dishes_of_the_world_b_1
- ^ http://www.culinaryartsblog.com/index.php/2006/03/22/national_dishes_of_the_world_c
- ^ Brady, Emily (2008-11-05). "The Years of Living Nervously". New York Times. http://www.nytimes.com/2008/12/07/nyregion/thecity/07asyl.html?pagewanted=1&ref=thecity. Retrieved on 2008-12-07.
- ^ http://english.aljazeera.net/news/archive/archive?ArchiveId=20988

