Nuclear power by country
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Nuclear power is a method for generating energy by harnessing the radioactivity of atoms. Nuclear fission occurs when any fissile material, such as uranium-235, an isotope of uranium, is concentrated. This causes a nuclear chain reaction, which releases large amounts of heat, boiling water and producing steam, which can drive a steam turbine.
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Although nuclear power generates many megawatts of power, the risks perceived by spent nuclear fuel that many regard as "waste" along with high initial costs to build such plants often make it a controversial choice. As a result, different nations have very different attitudes towards nuclear power; some, such as France, generate most of their electricity by nuclear power. Others, have decommissioned their plants or, some, such as Germany are planning to decommission all of their nuclear power stations. Still others are reconsidering their decommissioning and are planning on starting a revived nuclear industry, such as Italy. Many nations have publicly announced their decision to start new nuclear power plant infrastructure development, among these are: Jordan, Malaysia, Vietnam, Indonesia, United Arab Emirates and Nigeria.
In addition to the nations listed below, several other nations, such as Australia, have research reactors, but no plans to diverge into commercial nuclear power; only the commercial reactors registered with the International Atomic Energy Agency are listed below. Nations are listed first by number of reactors, then by peak power output in megawatts. Regions in italics are added for comparison.
[edit] Nuclear power by country
[edit] Map
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countries building their first reactors
countries building new reactors
countries planning/considering their first reactors
countries planning/considering new reactors
countries with reactors, but no plans for expansion or phase-out
countries with reactors considering phase-out
countries which formerly had commercial reactors, but which have all been phased out
countries without commercial reactors
countries declared itself free of nuclear power and weapons
[edit] Table[1]
| Country | Reactors[2] | MW[1] | Electric % | Plans[1] | Constructing | Planned / Ordered | Proposed | Region |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| World | 449 | 404,901 | 12,1% (From all the world needed supply of electricity) | 32 | 51 | 217 | World | |
 US |
104 | 100,599 | 19.4% | 1 | 30[3] | America | ||
 Japan |
63 | 78,577 | 34.5% | 3 | 2 | 6 (After 2012) | Asia | |
 France |
59 | 63,473 | 77%[1] | 1 | 1 | 1 | Europe | |
 Russia |
31 | 21,743 | 16% | 7 | 9 | 19 | CIS | |
 Germany |
17 | 20,339 | 26% | Phase-out[4] 2021 | Europe | |||
 S Korea |
20 | 17,533 | 35% | 8 | Asia | |||
 Ukraine |
15 | 13,168 | 47% | 2[5] | 11 (by 2030)[5][6] | CIS | ||
 Canada |
18 | 12,599 | 15% | 2 | 10 | America | ||
 UK |
19 | 11,035 | 15% | Expansion, Scots opt out[5][7] | Europe | |||
 Sweden |
10 | 9,016 | 46% | Stable | Europe | |||
 China |
11 | 8,587 | 2% | 70 GWe by 2020(~5%)[8] | 5 | 5 | 90 | Asia |
 Spain |
8 | 7,448 | 17.4% | Stable[9] | Europe | |||
 Belgium |
7 | 5,824 | 54% | Considering phaseout | Europe | |||
 Taiwan |
6 | 4,916 | 19.3% | 2 | Asia | |||
 India |
17 | 4,120 | 2.8% | 20GW, 2020, $150 billion | 7 | 4 | 20 | Asia |
 Czech |
6 | 3,472 | 30% | 2 | Europe | |||
 Switzerland |
5 | 3,220 | 43% | 3[10] | Europe | |||
 Bulgaria |
2 | 1,906 | 32% | 2 | Europe | |||
 Finland |
4 | 2,696 | 29% | 1 | 1 | Europe | ||
 Slovakia |
5 | 2,094 | 54% | 2 | Europe | |||
 Brazil |
2 | 1,901 | 2.8% | 1 | 1[11] | America | ||
 S Africa |
2 | 1,842 | 5.5% | 1 | 24 | Africa | ||
 Hungary |
4 | 1,866 | 37% | Stable | Europe | |||
 Romania |
2 | 1,310 | 13% | 2 | Europe | |||
 Mexico |
2 | 1,310 | 4.6% | 2 | America | |||
 Lithuania |
1 | 1,185 | 64.4% | 1[a] | Europe | |||
 Argentina |
2 | 935 | 6% | 1 | America | |||
 Slovenia |
1 | 696 | 42% | half to Croatia | Europe | |||
 Netherlands |
1 | 485 | 4.1% | Stable | Europe | |||
 Pakistan |
2 | 400 | 2.3% | Stable | 1 | 2 | Asia | |
 Armenia |
1 | 376 | 43.5%[12] | Replacement[13] | 1 | CIS | ||
 Iran |
2 | 230 | 10% | Unknown | 1 | 2 | 3 | Mideast |
 Poland |
0 | 0 | 0% | Planned | 0 | 0 | 1 (In debate) | Europe |
 Portugal |
0 | 0 | 0% | Planned | 0 | 0 | 1 (In debate) | Europe |
[edit] Notes
- a One of the conditions of Lithuania's entry into the European Union was that the Ignalina Nuclear Power Plant, Lithuania's only nuclear plant, be closed on safety grounds. As a result, Lithuania has proposed a replacement to be built on the same site.[14]
- b North Korea has four incomplete reactors, two frozen in 1994 under the U.S.-North Korea Agreed Framework, and two under construction by KEDO until suspended in 2003. An experimental 5 MWe reactor is operating at the Yongbyon Nuclear Scientific Research Center.
- c The nearly completed Żarnowiec Nuclear Power Plant was abandoned in the early 1990s. There is wide political consensus that Poland needs at least 2 nuclear power plants in the north of Poland but no biding decisions have been made so far.
[edit] References
- ^ a b c d e "World Nuclear Power Reactors 2007-08 and Uranium Requirements". World Nuclear Association. 2008-10-01. http://www.world-nuclear.org/info/reactors.html. Retrieved on 2008-10-25.
- ^ Nuclear Power Plant Information, International Atomic Energy Agency, URL accessed 12 June 2006
- ^ "New Nuclear Plant Status" (link to Excel-format spreadsheet). New Plants. Nuclear Energy Institute. http://www.nei.org/resourcesandstats/documentlibrary/newplants/graphicsandcharts/newnuclearplantstatus/. Retrieved on 2008-09-22.
- ^ "German Atomgesetz (Law on nuclear energy)". http://www.gesetze-im-internet.de/atg/__7.html.
- ^ a b c "BBC NEWS | Politics | New nuclear plants get go-ahead". News.bbc.co.uk. Last Updated:. http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/uk_politics/7179579.stm. Retrieved on 2008-10-15.
- ^ "Nuclear Power in Ukraine". World Nuclear Association. August 2008. http://world-nuclear.org/info/inf46.html. Retrieved on 2008-09-22.
- ^ Hamish Macdonell. "MSPs vote No to new nuclear stations - Scotsman.com News". News.scotsman.com. http://news.scotsman.com/nuclearenergy/MSPs-vote-No-to-new.3686900.jp. Retrieved on 2008-10-15.
- ^ "Nuclear Power in China". World Nuclear Association. September 2008. http://www.world-nuclear.org/info/inf63.html. Retrieved on 2008-09-22.
- ^ Nuclear power in Spain, World Nuclear Association, URL accessed 13 June 2006
- ^ Atel submits application for outline approval of new nuclear power plant Niederamt in Solothurn; Axpo and BKW submit framework permit applications for replacement nuclear power plants in Beznau and Mühleberg
- ^ Agência Estado (12-09-2008). "Lobão diz que país fará uma usina nuclear por ano em 50 anos" (in Spanish). G1.globo.com. http://g1.globo.com/Noticias/Economia_Negocios/0,,MUL758157-9356,00-LOBAO+DIZ+QUE+PAIS+FARA+UMA+USINA+NUCLEAR+POR+ANO+EM+ANOS.html. Retrieved on 2008-10-15.
- ^ "Nuclear Power Reactors and Uranium Requirements:". World-nuclear.org. http://www.world-nuclear.org/info/reactors.htm. Retrieved on 2008-10-15.
- ^ "USA supports new nuclear build in Armenia". World Nuclear News. 2007-11-23. http://www.world-nuclear-news.org/newNuclear/USA_supports_new_nuclear_build_in_Armenia-231107.shtml?jmid=1165903138. Retrieved on 2007-11-25.
- ^ Baltic States Plan Nuclear Expansion, Giedrius Blagnys, Inter Press Service, May 26, 2006
[edit] See also
- List of nuclear reactors
- List of nuclear power groups
- List of anti-nuclear power groups
- Uranium reserves
[edit] External links
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