Oceanarium

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Marineland of Florida, USA — dolphin show, 1964.

The Oceanarium in Lisbon, Portugal.

The term oceanarium is not well defined. It can either mean a marine mammal park such as Marineland of Florida or a large-scale aquarium such as the Lisbon Oceanarium presenting an ocean habitat with marine animals, especially large ocean dwellers (e.g. sharks).

[edit] Marine mammal parks

Marineland of Florida, one of the first theme parks in Florida, USA, started in 1938, claims to be "the world's first oceanarium", while Ocean Park in Hong Kong claims to be "the world's largest oceanarium".

Marineland of Florida was developed as Marine Studios near St. Augustine in Marineland, Florida, which was followed in Florida by Miami Seaquarium, opened in 1955 and in California by Marineland of the Pacific, opened in 1954 near Los Angeles, and Marine World, Africa USA, opened in 1968 near San Francisco.
SeaWorld San Diego was opened in 1964, developed by Milt Shedd, George Malay and Dave Demonte. SeaWorld Aurora opened in 1970 near Cleveland, Ohio. SeaWorld Orlando was opened in 1973. SeaWorld (San Diego, Aurora, Orlando) was sold to Harcourt Brace Jovanovich (a publishing company listed on the New York Stock Exchange) in 1976. They purchased Marineland of the Pacific in 1986 and closed the park. They had opened SeaWorld San Antonio in 1988. In 1989 they sold SeaWorld (San Diego, Aurora, Orlando, San Antonio) to Anheuser-Busch, the world's largest brewer and owner of the Busch Gardens Safari Parks, for US$ 1.1 billion. In 2001, Anheuser-Busch sold the Ohio park which finally ceased its activities in 2004.

[edit] World's Largest Marine Life Park

The Marine Life Park at Sentosa, Singapore, Resorts World is set to be the world’s largest oceanarium, with 700,000 fishes in 20 million gallons of water. Resorts World at Sentosa has made research and education cornerstones of this attraction, which aims to inspire, educate and enrich the understanding and protection of the oceans. ^ Resorts World at Sentosa will open in 2010

[edit] Marine public aquariums

Modern marine aquariums try to create natural environments. A host of marine animals swim together in the four-storey cylindrical tank of the New England Aquarium in Boston, which opened in 1969. At National Aquarium in Baltimore, which opened in 1981, a walkway spirals up through the center of two gigantic cylindrical tanks, the Atlantic Coral Reef and the Open Ocean, which display sharks, sawfish, and much more sea creatures. Since then, many news aquariums have sought even greater realism, often concentrating on local environments. The richly endowed Monterey Bay Aquarium in California, which opened in 1984, is an outstanding example. ^[1]

[edit] Notes

^ Taylor, Leighton R., Aquariums: Windows to Nature, Prentice Hall General Reference, New York, 1993. ISBN 0671850199

[edit] Books

Lou Jacobs, Wonders of an oceanarium: The story of marine life in captivity. Golden Gate Junior Books, 1965.
Joanne F. Oppenheim, Oceanarium. BBooks, 1994. ISBN 0-553-09520-X.
Patryla, Jim. (2005). A Photographic Journey Back To Marineland of the Pacific. Lulu Publishing. ISBN 978-1-4116-7130-0.