Social policy

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Social policy primarily refers to guidelines and interventions for the changing, maintenance or creation of living conditions that are conducive to human welfare. Thus, social policy is that part of public policy that has to do with social issues. The Malcolm Wiener Center for Social Policy at Harvard University describes it as "public policy and practice in the areas of health care, human services, criminal justice, inequality, education, and labor"^[1] Social policy is also distinct as an academic field. London School of Economics professor Richard Titmuss is considered to have established Social Policy (or Social Administration) as an academic subject and many universities offer the subject for undergraduate and postgraduate study.

Contents 1 Types of social policy 2 History of social policy 3 International interpretations 4 Examples 5 See also 6 Further Reading 7 References

[edit] Types of social policy

Social policy aims to improve human welfare and to meet human needs for education, health, housing and social security. Social policies will be approached in vastly different ways depending on the ideological leanings of the governing power.

[edit] History of social policy

Early proponents of scientific social planning, such as the sociologist Auguste Comte, and social researchers, such as Charles Booth, contributed to the emergence of social policy. Surveys of poverty that exposed the brutal conditions that existed, such as in the urban slum conurbations of Victorian Britain, pressured changes such as the reform of the Poor Law and welfare reforms by the British Liberal Party. Other significant examples of social policy are the social security policies introduced by the New Deal in the United States between 1933 and 1935 and health reforms in the UK following the Beveridge Report of 1942.

[edit] International interpretations

In Europe, 'social policy' refers to policies affecting the social conditions under which people live. Important areas of social policy in these countries are:

• The welfare state
• Social security
• Unemployment insurance
• Pensions
• Healthcare
• Social housing
• Social care
• Social exclusion
• Education policy
• Crime and Criminal justice
• Labour regulation

However, in the United States politics and in Canadian politics, social policies are those which regulate and govern human behavior in areas such as sexuality and general morality. Social policies are in contrast to other, more traditional forms of political policy, such as foreign policy and economic policy. Modern-day social policies may deal with the following issues:

• abortion and the regulation of its practice
• the legal status of euthanasia
• the rules surrounding issues of marriage, divorce, and adoption
• poverty, welfare, and homelessness and how it is to deal with these issues
• the legal status of recreational drugs
• the legal status of prostitution
• bail-out of individuals and companies that cannot meet their debt obligations

Social policy often deals with issues which Rittle & Webber (1973) called wicked problems.

[edit] Examples

• The Social Chapter of European Union law.

[edit] See also

• Socio-economics
• Program evaluation
• Social Protection
• Social democracy

[edit] Further Reading

Titmuss, R. M. (1951) Problems of social policy. HM Stationery Off. ISBN ?
Dean, H. (2006). Social Policy. Cambridge: Polity Press. ISBN 9780745634340.

[edit] References

Rittel, H. & Webber, M. (1973). Dilemmas in a General Theory of Planning. Policy Sci 4:155-169.