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Southern Europe

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The term Southern Europe, at its most general definition, is used to mean "all countries in the south of Europe". However, the concept, at different times, has had different meanings, providing additional political, linguistic and cultural context to the definition in addition to the typical geographical, phytogeographic or climatic approach. Most southern European countries border the Mediterranean Sea.

Contents

[edit] Geographical definition

Geo-Political Southern Europe
Mathematical Southern Europe

Geographically, southern Europe is the southern half of the landmass of Europe. This definition is relative, with no clear limits. The Alps and Massif Central mountains constitute a physical barrier between Italy and France and the rest of Europe.[clarification needed]

Countries geographically considered part of Southern Europe include:

[edit] Iberian Peninsula

[edit] Southern France

  •  France (not including the North, Alpine and Atlantic parts but including: Corsica)
  •  Monaco

[edit] Italian Peninsula

[edit] Balkan Peninsula

[edit] Other

[edit] Political definition

The Southern European countries in the UN classification in sub-regions.

For its official works and publications, the United Nations Organization groups countries under a classification of regions. Southern Europe, as defined by the United Nations (the sub-regions according to the UN), comprises the following countries and territories:

[edit] Climatical definition

This map shows the areas of Europe with a Mediterranean climate.

Southern Europe's climate is that of the Mediterranean climate, which has become a typically known characteristic of the area.

The Medium area presents similar landscapes throughout, including:

  • dry hills
  • small plains
  • pine forests
  • olive trees

The area which is considered climatically Southern Europe is:

[edit] Phytogeographical definition

The European floristic regions

Southern Europe's flora is that of the Mediterranean and Submediterranean, which is typical for this area. The Mediterranean and Submediterranean climate regions in Europe comprise the following countries and territories:[2]

[edit] Linguistic Southern Europe

Linguistic map of Southern Europe. Latin Europe in blue; South Slavic countries, Albania, and Greece in green.

Countries of Southern Europe by main national language(s):

[edit] Romance languages

[edit] South Slavic languages

[edit] Greek language

[edit] Germanic languages

[edit] Albanian language

[edit] Semitic languages

[edit] Turkic languages

[edit] Notes

  1. ^ World Factbook
  2. ^ Wolfgang Frey and Rainer Lösch; Lehrbuch der Geobotanik. Pflanze und Vegetation in Raum und Zeit. Spektrum Akademischer Verlag, München 2004
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