Trent and Mersey Canal

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Trent and Mersey Canal
The Trent and Mersey Canal near Branston Water Park
Other Engineer(s)	James Brindley
Date of Act	1766
Date of first use	1777
Start Point	River Trent, Derwent Mouth
End Point	River Mersey (Connection via Bridgewater Canal)
Connects to	Bridgewater Canal
Status	Open
Navigation Authority	British Waterways

Trent and Mersey Canal

legend Bridgewater Canal Preston Brook Tunnel (North end) Preston Brook Tunnel (South end) Dutton Stop Lock No76 (River Weaver) 209 A49 Acton Bridge 203 Saltersford Tunnel (West end) Saltersford Tunnel (East end) 202 Barnton Tunnel (West end) Barnton Tunnel (East end) Barnton Road Bridge A533 Anderton Lift Uplands and Anderton Marinas 193 Marston Bridge B5075 (River Weaver) 190 Wincham Brook Aqueduct 189 A559 Manchester Road Bridge Wincham Wharf 184 B5082 Broken Cross Bridge 182A A556 Northwich Bypass Bridge Orchard Marina Billinge Green Flash 180A Railway Bridge (River Dane) Croxton Flash 174 Croxton Aqueduct 173 A530 Middlewich Big Lock 172 A54 Town Bridge Middlewich Bottom Lock No 74 Middlewich Lock No 73 Middlewich Top Lock No 72 Middlewich Top Wharf King's Lock Wharf Junction with Wardle Canal King's Lock No 71 Rumps Lock No 70 165 A533 Booth Lane Bottom Lock No 69 Booth Lane Middle Lock No 68 Crows Nest Lock No 67 158 Rookery Railway Bridge 154 WheeLock Wharf Bridge 153 River WheeLock Aqueduct 152A A534 Bridge WheeLock Bottom Lock No 66 WheeLock Lock No 65 WheeLock Lock No 64 WheeLock Lock No 63 WheeLock Lock No 62 WheeLock Lock No 61 WheeLock Lock No 60 WheeLock Flight Top Lock No 59 147A M6 Motorway Bridge Hasall Green Bottom Lock No 58 Hassall Green Top Lock No 57 Pierpoint Bottom Lock No 56 Pierpoint Top Lock No 55 143 Chellshill Aqueduct Lower Thurlwood Lock No 54 Upper Thurlwood Lock No 53 138A A50 Bridge Snapes Aqueduct Lawton Bottom Lock No 52 Lawton Lock Nos 51 Lawton Top Lock No 50 Halls Lock No 49 Church Lawton Bottom Lock No 48 Church Lawton Top Lock No 47 Red Bull Bottom Lock No 46 Red Bull Lock No 45 Red Bull Lock No 44 134 A34 Bridge Red Bull Lock No 43 Poole Aqueduct Macclesfield Canal Red Bull Lock No 42 Red Bull Top Lock No 41 Harding's Wood Junction Hardings Wood Railway Bridge Kidsgrove Railway Bridge Harecastle Tunnel (North end) 2,919 yards (2,669 m) Harecastle Tunnel (South end) 129B A527 Goldendale Bridge 126 A527 Longport Road Bridge Stoke Marina 117A A53 Euturia Road Bridge Euturia Junction Stoke Top Lock No 40 (Bedford Street Staircase) Stoke Lock No 39 Stoke Lock No 38 115 B5045 Newcastle Road Bridge (Caldon Canal) Stoke Lock No 37 114B Cockshute Railway Bridge 114A Cockshute Railway Bridge 114 Stoke Bottom Lock No 36 A5006 A5007 A50 106 A5035 Hemheath Bridge Trentham Lock No 35 Meaford Top Lock No 34 Meaford Road Lock No 33 Meaford House Lock No 32 Meaford Bottom Lock No 31 Stone Top Lock No 30 95A Railway Bridge Stone Lock No 29 Stone Lock No 28 Stone Bottom Lock No 27 93 A520 Stafford Road Bridge 91 A51 Aston Lock No 26 Sandon Lock No 25 80 A518 Weston upon Trent Bridge Weston Lock No 24 Hoo Mill Lock No 23 Great Haywood Junction Haywood Lock No 22 72A Colwich Railway Bridge Colwich Lock No 21 70 [A51 road A15]] Wolseley Bridge Brindley Bank Aqueduct 65B Rugeley Railway Bridge 63 A51 62A A513 61A A513 Rugeley Road Bridge 59A Armitage Railway Bridge King's Bromley Wharf 54 A515 King's Bromley Bridge Wood End Lock No 20 Shade House Lock No 19 Fradley Middle Lock No 18 Fradley Junction Junction Lock No 17 Keeper's Lock No 16 Hunts Lock No 15 Common Lock No 14 49A A513 Alrewas Bypass Bridge Bagnall Lock No 13 Alrewas Lock No 12 River Trent Joins T&M River Trent Leaves T&M Wychnor Lock No 11 Barton Turns Marina Barton Turn Lock No 10 Tatenhill Lock No 9 Barnston Lock No 8 33E A38 Ordish Bridge Shobnall Basin 33 B5017 Shobnall Road Bridge Dallow Lane Lock No 7 Horninglow Basin 32 A511 Horninglow Bridge 29A A5121 Clay Mills Aqueduct River Dove Aqueduct 24A A5132 22A Willington Railway Bridge 20A Railway Bridge Stenson Marina Stenson Lock No 6 Swarkestone Junction Swarkestone Lock No 5 13A Swarkestone Railway Bridge 13 A514 Cuttle Bridge 8 Weston Lock No 4 7A Weston Railway Bridge Aston Lock No 3 4 A50 Shardlow Lock No 2 (River Derwent) The Clock Warehouse Shardlow (Shardlow Marina) Derwent Mouth Lock No 1 Derwent Mouth Sawley Cut, River Trent M1

The Trent and Mersey Canal is a 93.5 miles (150 km) long canal in the East Midlands, West Midlands, and North West of England. It is mostly a "narrow canal" (locks and bridges big enough for a narrowboat 72 feet long x 7 feet wide) but east of Burton upon Trent, it is a wide canal (locks and bridges can accommodate boats 14ft wide).

Contents 1 History 2 Gallery 3 Features 3.1 Anderton Lift 3.2 Harecastle Tunnel 3.3 Flyover Junction 3.4 Stoke-on-Trent 4 Route 4.1 Northern Trent and Mersey 4.2 Southern Trent and Mersey 5 External links 6 See also 7 References

[edit] History

As its name implies, the Trent and Mersey canal was built (opened 1777) to link the River Trent at Derwent Mouth (in Derbyshire) to the River Mersey. The second connection is made via the Bridgewater Canal, which it joins at Preston Brook in Cheshire. Note that although mileposts measure the distance to Preston Brook and Shardlow, Derwent mouth is a mile or so beyond Shardlow.

The idea of a canal connection from the Mersey to the Trent ("The Grand Trunk") came from canal engineer James Brindley. It was authorised by an Act of Parliament in 1766 and the first sod was cut by Josiah Wedgwood in July that year at Middleport. Less than eleven years later, the whole canal, including more than 70 locks and five tunnels, was open, with the company headquarters in Stone.

On January 15th 1847, the Trent & Mersey Canal was acquired by the North Staffordshire Railway Company (NSR). This was done to stifle the opposition of the Canal Company to the creation of the Railway Company. In particular, the NSR had plans for a railway from Stoke-on-Trent to Liverpool however this line was abandoned due to opposition from other rail interests.

The Grand Trunk was a part of a larger scheme of Brindley's to link the four main rivers of England (Trent, Mersey, Severn and Thames) in a project known as the "Grand Cross"^[1].

The Trent and Mersey Canal provided the Northern Arm of the Cross (to the Mersey), and the Eastern Arm (to the Trent). It also provided the central "hub" of the cross, between Great Haywood, and Fradley Junctions.

The Western Arm, to the Severn was built as the Staffordshire and Worcestershire Canal, whilst the Southern Arm (to the Thames) traversed the Coventry and Oxford Canals

[edit] Gallery

Barnton Tunnel east entrance	Hall Green Branch crosses the T&M at Poole Aqueduct
a typical set of Double locks on the T&M	Hardings Wood Junction with the Hall Green Branch

[edit] Features

[edit] Anderton Lift

On the Cheshire stretch of the canal, between Middlewich and the Northern end of the canal in Preston Brook Tunnel, is the Victorian Anderton Boat Lift, which lowers boats fifty feet from the T&M to the River Weaver. It was restored to full operation in 2002 after twenty years of disuse, and was then the only operational boat-lift in the United Kingdom until the construction of the Falkirk Wheel in Scotland.

[edit] Harecastle Tunnel

Another major feature is the Harecastle Tunnel, near Kidsgrove in the city of Stoke-on-Trent, north Staffordshire. There are actually two tunnels. The first tunnel, built by Brindley was 2880 yards (2633 m) long; barges were 'legged' through by men lying on their backs and pushing against the roof with their feet. This was a physically demanding and slow process and created major delays, so leading civil engineer Thomas Telford was commissioned to provide a second and wider, parallel tunnel, with a towpath. This 2926 yard (2676 m) long tunnel was opened in 1827. In the 1900s, the Brindley tunnel was closed due to severe subsidence, but the Telford Tunnel - although also prone to the same problems - remains in use, and is the fourth longest navigable canal tunnel in the UK.

[edit] Flyover Junction

Just North of Harecastle Tunnel, the T&M features, one of the only two "flyover" junctions on the English/Welsh network. The Hall Green Branch leaves the T&M Mainline (which runs E/W here) on the south side, but then crosses over the main line and travels a short distance north to join the Macclesfield Canal at Hall Green Stop lock. (These days, some guides do not refer to the Hall Green branch, simply treating it as part of the Macclesfield Canal.)

The actual junction where the branch leaves the main line is a normal right angle junction called Hardings Wood Junction. The branch leaves the main line on the South side, then immediately turns 90 degrees clockwise. It runs westwards alongside the main line, maintaining the original level while the main line drops through two locks. At Red Bull (the name of the pub and small settlement called "Red Cow" in Arnold Bennett's novels) the branch turns 90 degrees right, to head North and cross the main line on Poole Lock aqueduct. It then immediately crosses the A50 on Red Bull aqueduct, carrying boats North to join the Macclesfield Canal at Hall Green.

(There is only one other such junction on the English canal network: on the Caldon Canal, which itself joins the T&M in nearby Stoke-on-Trent. At Hazlehurst Junction, the Leek Branch leaves, and subsequently crosses, the Caldon Canal main line.)

[edit] Stoke-on-Trent

The canal passes through the centre of the city of Stoke-on-Trent, where it formed an integral part of the 1986 National Garden Festival, the Stoke-on-Trent Garden Festival. The canal's towpath forms a vital part of the city's National Cycle Network, and Connolly Basnett Loop.

[edit] Route

The route is conveniently divided into a northern and southern section by Harecastle Tunnel

[edit] Northern Trent and Mersey

The Northern end of the canal makes an end-on junction with the Bridgewater Canal within Preston Brook Tunnel, from where one can access Runcorn (but no longer the Mersey or Ship Canal) in one direction and Manchester (with its many canal links) in the other.

From the junction with the Bridgewater Canal, the T&M travels south through Preston Brook Tunnel (one-way operation, alternating each half hour) and two smaller tunnels at Saltersford (since 2008 also one-way operation, alternating each half hour), and Barnton to the "junction" with the River Weaver at Anderton Boat Lift near Northwich.

After Anderton, the next major destination is Middlewich, where a junction with the 50 yard long Wardle Canal leads to the Middlewich Branch of the Shropshire Union Canal which gives access to Chester, Llangollen and (south on the "Shroppie") a parallel route to Birmingham/Wolverhampton.

South of Middlewich, having passed through Wheelock the T&M climbs out of the Cheshire Plain via the "Heartbreak Hill" locks (more traditionally the "Cheshire Locks") to the summit-level and the junction with the Hall Green Branch, leading to the Macclesfield Canal at Red Bull (Kidsgrove). The boater can use the Macclesfield Canal to head for Marple, and the junction with the Peak forest Canal (and hence, via the Ashton, Rochdale and Bridgewater canal) to complete the Cheshire Ring.

[edit] Southern Trent and Mersey

After the long (40 minute) Harecastle Tunnel (one way, alternating roughly every two hours), the canal emerges in the outskirts of Stoke-on-Trent, and is soon in the middle of the city and then at Etruria, and the junction with the Caldon Canal.

Leaving Etruria, the T&M is soon back in open country. It is now in the valley of the infant River Trent (which the T&M follows until the River becomes navigable and the canal is no longer needed).

The next sizeable place is the Market town of Stone.

After more countryside, the canal reaches Great Haywood Junction and the towpath bridge across the junction with the Staffordshire and Worcestershire Canal (which heads south to skirt Wolverhampton and join with the River Severn at Stourport-on-Severn - thus connecting the Mersey with the Severn).

The next event is a right angle bend, of no apparent significance from the boat - but a map shows that this is where the canal (and the Trent) changes its basic direction - from SW (heading away from Runcorn) to NE (heading towards Nottingham).

Very near is Fradley Junction (with the Coventry Canal (detached portion). The Coventry soon leads to the Birmingham and Fazeley Canal and branches off to Birmingham or (via another stretch of Coventry Canal) to Coventry and a junction with the Oxford Canal and hence to all the "Southern Half" of the English canals.

The canal now heads directly to its terminus, passing through Burton upon Trent, Mercia Marina at Findern, the largest inland waterway marina in the UK, and then (through wide locks, the first being at Stenson) to Shardlow (a canal village, formerly the home of the T&M company offices) and, finally, Derwent Mouth.

It is not far from Derwent Mouth, via the River Trent to Trentlock, the four-way junction with the Erewash Canal (dead end at Great Northern Basin, formerly a link with the Cromford Canal), the Nottingham Canal (links back to the Trent in Nottingham) and the River Soar Navigation (links via Leicester to the Grand Union Canal).

[edit] External links

• 1777 map of the complete length of the Canal.
• Archive material relating to the Trent and Mersey Canal Company, from Stoke-on-Trent Museums.

[edit] See also

• Canals of the United Kingdom
• History of the British canal system

[edit] References

v • d • e Canals of the United Kingdom Navigable canals of England Aire and Calder1 · Ashby-de-la-Zouch2 · Ashton · Beverley Beck · Birmingham Canal Navigations3 · Bridgewater · Bridgwater and Taunton · Bude2 · Calder and Hebble1 · Chelmer and Blackwater1 · Chesterfield2 · Chichester2 · Coventry · Driffield · Droitwich2 · Erewash · Foss Dyke · Gloucester and Sharpness · Grand Union3 · Grand Western2 · Grantham2 · Herefordshire and Gloucestershire2 · Hertford Union Canal · Hollinwood Branch2 · Huddersfield Broad · Huddersfield Narrow · Ipswich and Stowmarket12 · Kennet and Avon · Lancaster2 · Leeds and Liverpool3 · Limehouse · Lydney · Macclesfield · Manchester Bolton & Bury2 · Manchester Ship Canal · Market Weighton2 · Middle Level Navigations3 · Montgomery2 · North Walsham & Dilham12 · Nottingham2 · Oxford1 · Peak Forest · Pocklington2 · Regent's Canal · Ribble Link1 · Ripon · River Lee Navigation1 · Rochdale · Royal Military Canal · Sankey2 · Selby · Sheffield and South Yorkshire13 · Shropshire Union3 · Sleaford12 · Staffordshire and Worcestershire · Stort1 · Stourbridge · Stratford-upon-Avon · Stroudwater2 · Thames and Medway2 · Trent and Mersey3 · Weaver1 · Wey and Arun2 · Wey and Godalming1 · Wilts & Berks2 · Worcester and Birmingham Navigable canals of Northern Ireland Broharris Canal · Coalisland Canal · Dukart's Canal · Lagan Canal · Newry Canal · Shannon-Erne Waterway · Strabane Canal · Ulster Canal Navigable canals of Scotland Caledonian Canal1 · Crinan Canal · Forth and Clyde · Union Canal Navigable canals of Wales Llangollen Canal (Part of Shropshire Union) · Monmouthshire & Brecon2 · Montgomery Canal2 (Shropshire Union) · Neath and Tennant2 · Swansea Canal2 Features Aqueducts (list) · Basins · Locks · Rings · Tunnels (list) · Winding holes Related topics British Waterways Board · UK canal history · Narrowboats · National Waterways Museum · Navigable aqueduct Notes: 1 Contains canalised river. 2 Partly or mostly navigable, and/or under restoration (as of 2008). 3 A system of canals. Canals which form part of this system are not listed here individually.