UEFA coefficient
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
In European football, the UEFA coefficients are statistics used for ranking and seeding teams in club and international competitions.
The coefficients are calculated by UEFA, who administer football within Europe. It uses three different coefficients:
- The coefficient of the national teams;
- The coefficient of national leagues;
- The coefficient of football clubs.
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[edit] National team coefficient
[edit] Up to Euro 2008
The national team coefficient is derived from the results of the national football team of a nation. Until the end of the Euro 2008 tournament, it has been calculated by dividing the number of points scored (three points for a win, one for a draw) by the number of matches played in the last two qualification rounds of the World Cup or European Championship. Play-off match results are ignored. For some countries only one qualifying round will be taken into account, if they were hosts of one of the last two events.
This coefficient is used by UEFA to determine in which "pot" a national team will be for the qualification tournaments of the European Championship, and the final tournament of the European Championship. Its usage as seeding criteria for the World Cup preliminaries ended when the UEFA executive committee decided to follow FIFA directives and used the FIFA rankings instead for the 2010 World Cup qualifying round draw. Each team in a pot is drawn into a separate qualifying group, thus keeping the bigger teams apart until the later stages of the competition.
If two or more associations have the same coefficient, the following criteria will be applied:
- coefficient from the matches played in its most recent qualifying competition,
- average goal difference,
- average number of goals scored,
- average number of away goals scored,
- drawing of lots.
[edit] From after Euro 2008
On 20 May 2008, UEFA announced the change of the coefficient ranking system.[1][2]
Under the new system, teams gain ranking points for each match played in the most recently completed five qualifying tournaments or finals of the World Cup or European Championships.
1) 10,000 points are awarded for each match played,
2) for an outcome of each match an additional 30,000 for winning, 20,000 for winning after a penalty shoot out, and 10,000 for a draw (including forcing, but failing to win, a penalty shoot-out),
3) the finals tournament, or play-offs to determine qualification, are granted extra points, ranging from 6,000 to 38,000,
4) 501 points are earned for a goal scored , and 500 lost for each goal conceded,
5) points are divided by the number of games played,
6) more recent tournaments have double the weighting of the one most distant in time,
7) special arrangements are in place for hosts of competitions, who have therefore not participated in the qualifying tournament.
At the beginning of the Euro 2008 tournament, the rankings thus calculated were:[2]
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[edit] League coefficient
The league coefficient is used to rank the leagues of Europe, and thus determine the number of clubs from a league that will participate in UEFA Champions League and Europa League.
The UEFA ranking determines the number of teams competing in the season after the next, not in the first season after the publication of the ranking. Thus, the 2009 ranking determines the proportion in 2010–11, not 2009–10.
This coefficient is determined by the results of the clubs of the leagues in UEFA Champions League and Europa League games over the past five seasons. The number of points awarded each season (two for each win by a club from that league, one for a draw) is divided by the number of teams that participated for that nation in that season. This number is then truncated after three decimal places (e.g. 2 2/3 will be truncated to 2.666).
For the league coefficient the season's league coefficients for the last five seasons must be added up. In the preliminary rounds of both the Champions League and Europa League, the awarded points are halved. Bonus points are allocated for:
- Qualifying for the Champions League group phase and Europa League round of 16. (4 bonus points)
- Reaching the second round of the Champions League.
- Reaching the quarter, semi and final of both Champions League and Europa League.
The bonus points are added to the number of points scored in a season.
[edit] Current ranking (2010-11 UEFA competitions)
Correct as of May 27, 2009
| Rank 10–11 |
Rank 09–10 |
Mvmt | League | 2004–05 | 2005–06 | 2006–07 | 2007–08 | 2008–09 | Coeff. | CL places | EL places |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 1 |  — |
 England |
15.571 | 14.428 | 16.625 | 17.875 | 15.000 | 79.499 | 4 | 3 |
| 2 | 2 | — |
 Spain |
12.437 | 15.642 | 19.000 | 13.875 | 13.312 | 74.266 | ||
| 3 | 3 | — |
 Italy |
14.000 | 15.357 | 11.928 | 10.250 | 11.375 | 62.910 | ||
| 4 | 5 |  +1 |
 Germany |
10.571 | 10.437 | 9.500 | 13.500 | 12.687 | 56.695 | 3 | |
| 5 | 4 |  -1 |
 France |
11.428 | 10.812 | 10.000 | 6.928 | 11.000 | 50.168 | ||
| 6 | 6 | — |
 Russia |
10.000 | 10.000 | 6.625 | 11.250 | 9.750 | 47.625 | ||
| 7 | 12 | +5 |
 Ukraine |
8.100 | 5.700 | 6.500 | 4.875 | 16.625 | 41.850 | 2 | 4 |
| 8 | 9 | +1 |
 Netherlands |
12.000 | 7.583 | 8.214 | 5.000 | 6.333 | 39.130 | ||
| 9 | 7 | -2 |
 Romania |
5.500 | 16.833 | 11.333 | 2.600 | 2.642 | 38.908 | ||
| 10 | 8 | -2 |
 Portugal |
8.166 | 5.500 | 8.083 | 7.928 | 6.785 | 36.462 | 3 | |
| 11 | 11 | — |
 Turkey |
5.375 | 4.000 | 6.100 | 9.750 | 7.000 | 32.225 | ||
| 12 | 14 | +2 |
 Greece |
6.166 | 3.333 | 4.666 | 7.500 | 6.500 | 28.165 | ||
| 13 | 10 | -3 |
 Scotland |
4.750 | 4.250 | 6.750 | 10.250 | 1.875 | 27.875 | ||
| 14 | 13 | -1 |
 Belgium |
6.125 | 5.500 | 4.700 | 4.500 | 4.500 | 25.325 | ||
| 15 | 16 | +1 |
 Switzerland |
2.625 | 9.375 | 4.100 | 6.250 | 2.900 | 25.250 | ||
| 16 | 19 | +3 |
 Denmark |
1.500 | 3.500 | 6.125 | 5.125 | 8.200 | 24.450 | 1 | 3 |
| 17 | 17 | — |
 Bulgaria |
2.375 | 8.750 | 5.125 | 2.750 | 2.250 | 21.250 | ||
| 18 | 15 | -3 |
 Czech Republic |
2.375 | 4.625 | 5.750 | 5.125 | 2.375 | 20.750 | ||
| 19 | 18 | -1 |
 Norway |
3.500 | 5.400 | 2.000 | 5.400 | 2.500 | 18.800 | ||
| 20 | 20 | — |
 Austria |
7.625 | 3.250 | 1.500 | 3.200 | 2.250 | 17.825 | ||
| 21 | 21 | — |
 Serbia |
4.250 | 3.250 | 2.125 | 2.625 | 3.000 | 15.250 | ||
| 22 | 22 | — |
 Israel |
3.625 | 1.500 | 6.000 | 2.375 | 1.750 | 15.250 | ||
| 23 | 28 | +5 |
 Cyprus |
1.333 | 3.000 | 1.750 | 2.666 | 6.333 | 15.082 | ||
| 24 | 23 | -1 |
 Sweden |
3.000 | 2.666 | 1.125 | 5.400 | 2.500 | 14.691 | ||
| 25 | 24 | -1 |
 Slovakia |
1.333 | 4.333 | 2.000 | 2.166 | 4.833 | 14.665 | ||
| 26 | 25 | -1 |
 Poland |
2.500 | 1.125 | 2.625 | 1.666 | 5.000 | 12.916 | ||
| 27 | 27 | — |
 Croatia |
3.000 | 0.333 | 1.000 | 3.666 | 4.333 | 12.332 | ||
| 28 | 30 | +2 |
 Finland |
1.666 | 2.333 | 1.333 | 2.625 | 1.833 | 9.790 | ||
| 29 | 33 | +4 |
 Lithuania |
2.500 | 1.333 | 1.833 | 1.500 | 2.500 | 9.666 | ||
| 30 | 35 | +5 |
 Republic of Ireland |
1.333 | 1.833 | 2.833 | 1.000 | 2.500 | 9.499 | ||
| 31 | 31 | — |
 Latvia |
3.166 | 1.333 | 2.166 | 1.333 | 1.166 | 9.164 | ||
| 32 | 29 | -3 |
 Slovenia |
3.500 | 2.333 | 1.250 | 0.666 | 1.333 | 9.082 | ||
| 33 | 40 | +7 |
 Belarus |
0.500 | 1.333 | 1.000 | 1.833 | 4.000 | 8.666 | ||
| 34 | 32 | -2 |
 Bosnia and Herzegovina |
1.666 | 1.500 | 1.833 | 1.833 | 1.833 | 8.665 | ||
| 35 | 26 | -9 |
 Hungary |
4.166 | 1.000 | 1.000 | 1.000 | 1.000 | 8.166 | ||
| 36 | 37 | +1 |
 Iceland |
2.500 | 0.833 | 1.000 | 1.166 | 1.166 | 6.665 | ||
| 36 | 34 | -2 |
 Moldova |
1.500 | 1.666 | 1.500 | 1.333 | 0.666 | 6.665 | ||
| 38 | 38 | — |
 Georgia |
2.666 | 0.666 | 1.166 | 1.000 | 1.166 | 6.664 | ||
| 39 | 39 | — |
 Liechtenstein1 |
2.000 | 1.000 | 2.000 | 0.500 | 0.000 | 5.500 | 0 | 1 |
| 40 | 36 | -4 |
 FYR Macedonia |
0.333 | 1.500 | 1.166 | 1.666 | 0.500 | 5.165 | 1 | 3 |
| 41 | 42 | +1 |
 Azerbaijan |
0.500 | 1.333 | 1.333 | 0.666 | 0.666 | 4.498 | ||
| 42 | 41 | -1 |
 Estonia |
0.833 | 0.833 | 1.500 | 0.833 | 0.333 | 4.332 | ||
| 43 | 43 | — |
 Albania |
1.000 | 1.000 | 0.833 | 0.500 | 0.666 | 3.999 | ||
| 44 | 45 | +1 |
 Kazakhstan |
0.000 | 1.000 | 0.666 | 0.750 | 0.833 | 3.249 | ||
| 45 | 44 | -1 |
 Armenia |
0.500 | 0.666 | 0.500 | 1.333 | 0.000 | 2.999 | ||
| 46 | 47 | +1 |
 Wales |
0.000 | 0.666 | 0.666 | 0.666 | 0.333 | 2.331 | ||
| 47 | 46 | -1 |
 Northern Ireland |
0.666 | 0.500 | 0.166 | 0.500 | 0.333 | 2.165 | ||
| 47 | 48 | +1 |
 Faroe Islands |
0.333 | 0.666 | 0.500 | 0.333 | 0.333 | 2.165 | ||
| 49 | 49 | — |
 Luxembourg |
0.333 | 0.500 | 0.166 | 0.333 | 0.000 | 1.332 | ||
| 50 | 51 | +1 |
 Montenegro |
0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.500 | 0.500 | 1.000 | ||
| 51 | 51 | — |
 Andorra |
0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.500 | 0.000 | 0.500 | 1 | |
| 52 | 50 | -2 |
 Malta |
0.333 | 0.000 | 0.166 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.499 | 3 | |
| 53 | 53 | — |
 San Marino |
0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.250 | 0.000 | 0.250 | 1 |
1 The Liechtenstein Football Association does not organise a national league competition. The only competitor from Liechtenstein in international competitions are the Liechtenstein Cup winners, who qualify for the UEFA Europa League. All Liechtenstein teams play in neighbouring Switzerland's league competitions.
[edit] History
Since 1960, when the first 5-year based coefficients were released, only 4 leagues have succeeded in being the top European league.
The table at the right shows the history of first placed teams in UEFA League Coefficients.
The next table shows the ranking of nations with respect to total number of years leading in Europe:
| Rank | League | Total |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | La Liga |
15 |
| 2 | Serie A |
13 |
| 3 | Football League Premier League |
12 |
| 4 | Bundesliga |
10 |
[edit] Club coefficient
The club coefficient is determined by the results of a club in European club competition in the last five seasons, and the league coefficient. The club coefficient is 33% of the league coefficient plus the number of points earned by the club in the five seasons. Before 2004 the contribution of the country coefficient was 50%. The points earned by a club in the preliminary rounds are not counted.[3]
The clubs get two points for a win and one point for a draw in games of the main stage of European competitions. Participation in the group stage of the UEFA Champions League is rewarded with three points. Reaching every knockout round of Champions League or quarter-finals and every further rounds of UEFA Cup is rewarded with a point[4].
This ranking is used by UEFA to determine which pot the club belongs to in the preliminary and first rounds of the Champions League, and the preliminary, first and second rounds of the Europa League.
Before 1999 a number of strong teams in the UEFA Cup were seeded such that those teams do not meet in the first two rounds. To determine these teams, the sum of, the ratio of the number of points achieved to the number of games played by each team, was calculated for the past five years.
The top 20 clubs as of 27 May 2009 are as follows[5]:
| Rank Current |
Rank Previous |
Mvmt | Club | Country | 2004-05 | 2005–06 | 2006–07 | 2007–08 | 2008–09 | Coeff. |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 4 | +3 |
Barcelona |  Spain |
15.4875 | 32.1285 | 17.8000 | 27.7750 | 28.6625 | 121.853 |
| 2 | 1 | -1 |
Chelsea |  England |
23.1140 | 15.8855 | 26.3250 | 28.5750 | 25.0000 | 118.899 |
| 3 | 3 | — |
Liverpool | England |
28.1140 | 15.8855 | 27.3250 | 24.5750 | 23.0000 | 118.899 |
| 4 | 6 | +2 |
Manchester United | England |
15.1140 | 10.8855 | 25.3250 | 32.5750 | 28.0000 | 111.899 |
| 5 | 2 | -3 |
Milan |  Italy |
29.8000 | 24.0710 | 26.3855 | 16.0500 | 14.2750 | 110.581 |
| 6 | 5 | -1 |
Arsenal | England |
17.1140 | 29.8855 | 16.3250 | 21.5750 | 22.0000 | 106.899 |
| 7 | 7 | — |
Sevilla | Spain |
14.4875 | 28.1285 | 28.8000 | 18.7750 | 10.6625 | 100.853 |
| 8 | 11 | +3 |
Bayern Munich |  Germany |
18.1140 | 16.0875 | 18.9000 | 22.7000 | 22.5375 | 98.339 |
| 9 | 19 | +10 |
Werder Bremen | Germany |
15.1140 | 13.0875 | 22.9000 | 15.7000 | 24.5375 | 91.339 |
| 10 | 8 | -2 |
Lyon |  France |
22.2855 | 23.1625 | 17.0000 | 13.3855 | 15.2000 | 91.033 |
| 11 | 9 | -2 |
Internazionale | Italy |
20.8000 | 22.0710 | 15.3855 | 16.0500 | 13.2750 | 87.581 |
| 12 | 13 | +1 |
Villarreal | Spain |
20.4875 | 22.1285 | 3.8000 | 15.7750 | 18.6625 | 80.853 |
| 13 | 10 | -3 |
Real Madrid | Spain |
16.4875 | 15.1285 | 17.8000 | 14.7750 | 14.6625 | 78.853 |
| 14 | 16 | +2 |
Roma | Italy |
6.8000 | 17.0710 | 19.3855 | 19.0500 | 16.2750 | 78.581 |
| 15 | 12 | -3 |
PSV Eindhoven |  Netherlands |
23.4000 | 12.5165 | 16.6425 | 17.0000 | 6.2665 | 75.825 |
| 16 | 46 | +30 |
Shakhtar Donetsk |  Ukraine |
11.6200 | 12.1500 | 13.3000 | 7.9750 | 29.3250 | 74.370 |
| 17 | 28 | +11 |
CSKA Moscow |  Russia |
26.0000 | 9.0000 | 11.3250 | 6.2500 | 18.9500 | 71.525 |
| 18 | 27 | +9 |
Zenit | Russia |
10.0000 | 19.0000 | 1.3250 | 23.2500 | 14.9500 | 68.525 |
| 19 | 17 | -2 |
Porto |  Portugal |
12.6330 | 8.1000 | 14.6165 | 15.5855 | 17.3570 | 68.292 |
| 20 | 21 | +1 |
Sporting Lisbon | Portugal |
24.6330 | 3.1000 | 8.6165 | 18.5855 | 13.3570 | 68.292 |
[edit] Top club by period
A list of the top-finished clubs in each 5-year period.
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| Rank | Club | Total |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | Real Madrid |
14 |
| 2 | Juventus |
7 |
| 3 | Barcelona |
5 |
| Borussia Mönchengladbach |
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| 4 | Benfica |
3 |
| Leeds United |
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| Ajax |
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| Bayern Munich |
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| 5 | Liverpool |
2 |
| Milan |
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| 6 | Real Zaragoza |
1 |
| Anderlecht |
||
| Paris Saint-Germain |
||
| Chelsea |
[edit] References
- ^ "EXCO approves new coefficient system". UEFA. 2008-05-20. http://www.uefa.com/uefa/keytopics/kind=64/newsid=698237.html?cid=rssfeed&att=index. Retrieved on 2008-05-21.
- ^ a b "New UEFA National Team Coefficient Ranking System" (PDF). UEFA. 2008-05-20. http://www.uefa.com/MultimediaFiles/Download/uefa/KeyTopics/69/80/93/698093_DOWNLOAD.pdf. Retrieved on 2008-05-21.
- ^ "UEFA European Cup Football". Bert Kassies. http://www.xs4all.nl/~kassiesa/bert/uefa/index.html#crank. Retrieved on 2009-03-14.
- ^ "FAQ". UEFA. 2005-07-01. http://www.uefa.com/uefa/faq/index.html. Retrieved on 2009-03-14.
- ^ "UEFA Team Ranking 2009". Bert Kassies. http://www.xs4all.nl/~kassiesa/bert/uefa/data/method3/trank2009.html. Retrieved on 2009-05-27.
[edit] External links
- Independent but generally respected site about the league and club coefficient
- League coefficient by uefa.com
- UEFA
- Euro 2008 coefficient according to rdasilva's blog for the qualification-groups
- Euro 2008 coefficient according to rdasilva's blog for the final tournament, group phase
- UEFA Access List
- Euro 2012 coefficient according to football-rankings.info
- Euro 2012 coefficient according to world-results.net
