Vehicle

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A vehicle (Latin: vehiculum) is a means of conveyance, a carriage or transport. Most often they are manufactured (e.g. bicycles, cars, motorcycles, trains, ships, boats, and aircraft), although some other means of transport which are not made by humans also may be called vehicles; examples include icebergs and floating tree trunks.

Vehicles may be propelled or pulled by animals, for instance, a chariot, a stagecoach, a mule-drawn barge, or an ox-cart. However, animals on their own, though used as a means of transport, are not called vehicles, but rather beasts of burden or draft animals. This distinction includes humans carrying another human, for example a child or a disabled person.

A rickshaw is a vehicle that may carry a human and be powered by a human, but it is the mechanical form or cart that is powered by the human that is labeled as the vehicle. For some human-powered vehicles the human providing the power is labeled as a driver.

Vehicles that do not travel on land often are called craft, such as watercraft, sailcraft, aircraft, hovercraft, and spacecraft

Land vehicles are classified broadly by what is used to apply steering and drive forces against the ground: wheeled, tracked, railed, or skied.

Contents 1 Bicycle 2 Tricycle 3 Quadricycle 4 Velomobile 5 Electric road carriages 6 Steam road carriage 6.1 Steam tricycle 7 Petroleum (gasoline / diesel) motor-carriages 8 Road trains 9 The motorcycle 10 Mechanical rail-vehicles 11 Mechanical road vehicles 12 Mechanical water vehicles 13 Mechanical under-water vehicles 14 Mechanical land and water vehicles 15 Mechanical air vehicles 16 Mechanical snow vehicles 17 Types of vehicles 18 Legislation 18.1 European Union 18.2 USA 19 Acronyms and abbreviations 20 See also 21 References 22 External links

[edit] Bicycle

see Bicycles (see also Vehicular Cycling)

see main article History of the bicycle

[edit] Tricycle

see Tricycle

[edit] Quadricycle

see Quadricycle

[edit] Velomobile

see Velomobile

[edit] Electric road carriages

see electric vehicle

see history of the electric vehicle

[edit] Steam road carriage

see steam car

[edit] Steam tricycle

See steam tricycle

At the other end of the scale, much lighter steam vehicles have been constructed such as the steam tricycle from the Comte de Dion in 1887.

[edit] Petroleum (gasoline / diesel) motor-carriages

See Benz Patent Motorwagen

See Ford's model T

See Automobile

[edit] Road trains

A road train consists of a conventional heavy truck pulling three trailers or more, used in rural areas of Australia to move bulky loads such as livestock efficiently.

[edit] The motorcycle

See Motorcycle

See Gottlieb Daimler

[edit] Mechanical rail-vehicles

see Trains

see Trams

[edit] Mechanical road vehicles

see Cars

see Buses

see Trucks

see Vans

[edit] Mechanical water vehicles

see Boats

see Ships

[edit] Mechanical under-water vehicles

see submarines

see submersibles

see diving bells

see diving chambers

[edit] Mechanical land and water vehicles

see Amphibious vehicle

see Amphibious ATV

see Hovercraft

[edit] Mechanical air vehicles

see aircraft

see Wing-In-Ground effect vehicle

[edit] Mechanical snow vehicles

see snowmobile

[edit] Types of vehicles

• Auto rickshaws
• Bicycles
• Buses
• Cars
• Coaches
• Vans
• More...

[edit] Legislation

Motor vehicle and trailer categories are defined according to the following international classification: ^[1]

• Category M: passanger vehicles.
• Category N: motor vehicles for the carriage of goods.
• Category O: trailers and semi-trailers.

Please help improve this article or section by expanding it. Further information might be found on the talk page.

[edit] European Union

In the European Union the classifications for vehicle types are defined by ^[2]:

• Commission Directive 2001/116/EC of 20 December 2001, adapting to technical progress Council Directive 70/156/EEC on the approximation of the laws of the Member States relating to the type-approval of motor vehicles and their trailers^[3]
• Directive 2002/24/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 18 March 2002 relating to the type-approval of two or three-wheeled motor vehicles and repealing Council Directive 92/61/EEC

European Community, is based on the Community's WVTA (whole vehicle type-approval) system. Under this system, manufacturers can obtain certification for a vehicle type in one Member State if it meets the EC technical requirements and then market it EU-wide with no need for further tests. Total technical harmonization already has been achieved in three vehicle categories (passenger cars, motorcycles, and tractors) and soon will be extended to other vehicle categories (coaches and utility vehicles). It is essential that European car manufacturers be ensured access to as large a market as possible.

While the Community type-approval system allows manufacturers to benefit fully from the opportunities offered by the internal market, worldwide technical harmonization in the context of the United Nations Economic Commission for Europe (UNECE) offers them a market which extends beyond European borders.

[edit] USA

This section requires expansion.

[edit] Acronyms and abbreviations

[edit] See also

[edit] References

1. ^ http://www.acea.be/images/uploads/rf/DEFINITION_OF_VEHICLE_CATEGORIES.pdf
2. ^ Scadplus: Technical Harmonisation For Motor Vehicles
3. ^ Council Directive 70/156/EEC, about Type-approval of motor vehicles and their trailers, Commission Directive 2001/116/EC of 20 December 2001, adapting to technical progress Council Directive 70/156/EEC on the approximation of the laws of the Member States relating to the type-approval of motor vehicles and their trailers

[edit] External links

• Green Vehicle Guide
• Strangest Vehicles In The World
• Council Directive 70/156/EEC, about Type-approval of motor vehicles and their trailers.
• Council Directive 80/1267/EEC: Amendment of Directive 70/156/EEC
• Council Directive 80/1268/EEC Fuel consumption of motor vehicles.
• EU Motor Vehicle Type Approval.

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