Voiceless retroflex plosive
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
| IPA – number | 105 |
| IPA – text | ʈ |
| IPA – image |  |
| Entity | ʈ |
| X-SAMPA | t` |
| Kirshenbaum | t. |
 Sound sample (help·info) |
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The voiceless retroflex plosive is a type of consonantal sound, used in some spoken languages. The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet that represents this sound is ʈ, and the equivalent X-SAMPA symbol is t`. Like all the retroflex consonants, the IPA symbol is formed by adding a rightward-pointing hook extending from the bottom of the symbol used for the equivalent alveolar consonant, in this case the voiceless alveolar plosive which has the symbol t. If lowercase letter t in the font used already has a rightward-pointing hook, then ʈ is distinguished from t by extending the rightward-pointing hook below the baseline as a descender. Compare t and ʈ.
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[edit] Features
Features of the voiceless retroflex plosive:
- Its manner of articulation is plosive or stop, which means it is produced by obstructing airflow in the vocal tract.
- Its place of articulation is retroflex, which prototypically means it is articulated with the tip of the tongue curled up, but more generally means that it is postalveolar without being palatalized.
- Its phonation type is voiceless, which means it is produced without vibrations of the vocal cords.
- It is an oral consonant, which means air is allowed to escape through the mouth.
- It is a central consonant, which means it is produced by allowing the airstream to flow over the middle of the tongue, rather than the sides.
- The airstream mechanism is pulmonic egressive, which means it is articulated by pushing air out of the lungs and through the vocal tract, rather than from the glottis or the mouth.
[edit] Occurrence
| Language | Word | IPA | Translation | Notes | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Bengali | টাকা | [ʈɒːkaː] | 'taka' | Bengali contrasts unaspirated and aspirated forms | |
| Brahui | ? | [asiʈ] | 'one' | ||
| English | Indian dialects | time | [ʈaɪm] | 'time' | Corresponds to alveolar /t/ in other dialects. See English phonology |
| Hindi[1] | टालना | [ʈaːl.naː] | 'to postpone' | Hindi contrasts unaspirated and aspirated forms. See Hindi-Urdu phonology | |
| Hungarian | some dialects | tátika | [ʈaːʈikɑ] | 'linaria' | Corresponds to /t/ in other dialects. |
| Javanese | bathang | [baʈaŋ] | 'cadaver' | ||
| Kannada | ಟಠ್ಠು | [tʌʈʈu] | 'to tap' | Kannada contrasts unaspirated and aspirated forms | |
| Malayalam | അഠുക | [aʈuka] | 'to cook' | Formal Malayalam may contrast unaspirated and aspirated forms | |
| Marathi | बटाटा | [bəʈaːʈaː] | 'potato' | Marathi contrasts unaspirated and aspirated forms | |
| Norwegian | kort | [kɔʈː] | 'card' | See Norwegian phonology | |
| Nunggubuyu[2] | [ʈakowa] | 'prawn' | |||
| Pashto | ټول | [ʈol] | 'all' | ||
| Swedish | karta | [kʰɑːʈa] | 'map' | See Swedish phonology | |
| Tamil[3] | எட்டு | [eʈʈɯ] | 'eight' | See Tamil phonology | |
| Telugu | టఠ్ఠు | [tʌʈʈu] | 'to strike' | Telugu contrasts unaspirated and aspirated forms | |
| Urdu | آٹھ۔ | [ɑːʈʰ] | 'eight' | See Hindi-Urdu phonology | |
| Welayta | [ʈaza] | 'dew' | |||
[edit] See also
[edit] References
- ^ Ladefoged (2005:141)
- ^ Ladefoged (2005:158)
- ^ Keane (2004:111)
[edit] Bibliography
- Keane, Elinor (2004), "Tamil", Journal of the International Phonetic Association 34 (1): 111-116
- Ladefoged, Peter (2005). Vowels and Consonants (Second ed.). Blackwell.
[edit] External links
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