Wilton, Wiltshire
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Coordinates: 51°04′48″N 1°51′50″W / 51.0800°N 1.8640°W
| Wilton | |
.png)  Wilton shown within Wiltshire |
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| Population | 3,873 |
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| District | Salisbury |
| Shire county | Wiltshire |
| Region | South West |
| Constituent country | England |
| Sovereign state | United Kingdom |
| Police | Wiltshire |
| Fire | Wiltshire |
| Ambulance | Great Western |
| European Parliament | South West England |
| List of places: UK • England • Wiltshire | |
Wilton is a town in Wiltshire, (of which it was once the county town), England, with a rich heritage dating back to the Anglo-Saxons. Today it is dwarfed by its larger and more famous neighbour, Salisbury, but still has a range of notable shops and attractions, including Wilton House.
The River Wylye meets the River Nadder at Wilton.
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[edit] History
The history of Wilton dates back to the Anglo-Saxons in the 8th century, and by the late 9th century (if not before) it was the capital of 'Wiltunscire', a region within the ancient Kingdom of Wessex. It remained the administrative centre of Wiltshire until the 11th century, however. Wilton was of significant importance to the church, with the founding of Wilton Abbey in 771 and a number of other establishments. A decisive battle against the Danish armies was fought there by King Alfred in 871.
Despite further attacks, Wilton remained a prosperous town, as recorded in the Domesday book. The building of Salisbury Cathedral nearby, however, proved Wilton's downfall, as the new site of Salisbury, with a new bridge over the River Avon, provided a convenient bypass around Wilton on the trade routes.
Wilton Abbey was surrendered to Henry VIII in 1539 during the Dissolution of the Monasteries, and in 1541 much of the estate was granted to the Earl of Pembroke, upon which Wilton House was built.
By the 17th century, weaving had become a large trade, and the carpet industry began in 1741, when two French weavers were brought in by Lord Pembroke to teach the locals new techniques. Carpet weaving prospered until 1815, when peace following the Napoleonic wars introduced European competition. The Wilton Royal Carpet Factory was founded at the turn of the century, with the help of Lord Pembroke, to rescue the previous carpet factory that had fallen into financial difficulty. The carpet factory continued to operate until 1995, when it closed temporarily after a takeover. The factory re-opened, although it was unable to retain the Wilton Royal prefix.
Wilton had two railway stations. One (later known as Wilton North) was opened by the Great Western Railway in 1856 on their line from Westbury to Salisbury, and another (later known as Wilton South) opened by the Salisbury and Yeovil Railway in 1859 on the West of England Main Line from London to Exeter. The arrival of the railways led to increased prosperity. Both stations are now closed, in 1955 and 1966, respectively; the nearest station is now at Salisbury.
In 1894 Wilton absorbed the remains of the nearby village of Fugglestone[1].
The headquarters of United Kingdom Land Forces is at Wilton, taking advantage of the huge amount of military camps and the ranges of Salisbury Plain. The title of UKLF HQ has varied several times since the 1960s.
[edit] Church of St Mary and St Nicholas
Perhaps the most striking building in the centre of Wilton is the Church of St Mary and St Nicholas. This large church built between 1841 and 1844 at the instigation of the Countess of Pembroke and her son, Baron Herbert of Lea, the architect was Thomas Henry Wyatt. The church is enormous for its surroundings, representing the wealth of its benefactors, built in Romanesque style, with considerable Byzantine influences.
The most notable feature of the church, at least from the exterior, is the 105ft campanile. Many of the materials used the church's construction was imported from Europe, including marble columns from Italy and 12th and 13th century stained glass from France.
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